International Journal of Dental and Health Sciences

4

Authors: Ameya Bihani1,Yogesh Dokhe2,priyanka Hardikar3,Jyoti Dabholkar4

Human cystecercosis is caused by the larvae of tapeworm Taenia Solium. CNS and limbic musculatures are the common hideouts for this pathogen in human. There have less than 10 cases reported of cystecercosis in muscles of mastication (masticator and temporalis muscle). We present a case of 20 year old male who presented with cystecercosis of anterior facial musculature. It was diagnosed on USG and confirmed with FNAC. The lesion completely healed with oral albendazole 400 mg BD for two weeks and there was no necessity for surgery. Till the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of isolated human cystecercosis in anterior facial musculature. Key words: Cystecercosis, Taenia Solium, facial musculature, albendazole

5

Authors: Naveen Kumar1, Sayani Dutta2, Parikshit Sharma3, Himanshu Shrivastava4, Jay Gopal Ray5

Lymphangioma is a change of lymphatic vessels that frequently affects the head and neck region. Its occurrence at oral cavity is rare and it is most commonly identified at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. At this location, it is clinically characterized as transparent and generally grouped vesicles, which can be red or purple. It can be classified according to the size of vessels into three types: capillary, cavernous, and cystic lymphangioma. To describe a case of oral lymphangioma diagnosed in a 16-year-old female patient with a painless swelling on the dorsal surface of anterior tongue. The lesion is there since 3 years. The lesion has increased in size over four months. An intraoral clinical examination revealed the presence of a reddish pale coloured lesion on the tongue. Oral lymphangiomas are uncommon lesions occurring at the dorsal region of the tongue. Superficial and localized lesions can be treated by conservative approaches like cryotherapy, laser therapy and surgical excision with low relapse rates. Therefore, knowledge for correct diagnosis is of fundamental importance and for proper therapeutic implications. Key words: Head and neck, Lymphangioma, Children, Diagnosis, Treatment

6

Authors: SantoshBJadhav1,AbhijeetV.Jadhav2,ShameekaThopte3,Vinod Vijay Chandhar4,Swati Marathe5, Prakash Vhathkar6

Aim : Prevalence of abnormalities in edentulous jaws evaluated radiogrphically. Objectives:1) Prevalence of abnormalities in the edentulous arches such as root stump, supernumerary teeth, impacted teeth, amalgam rests, radiolucency,radiopacity if any.2) Evaluation of bony trabecular pattern of edentulous jaws.3) Justification of utility of radiographs for pre-prosthetic procedure. Materials and Methods: Edentulous patients reporting to the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were considered for the present study. Those who are capable of understanding the furnished information sheet and provide informed consent became participants in the study. Two hundred and fifty such patients were enrolled in the study, out of which 52% were male and 48% were female. Each individual included in the study was subjected to be exposed for panoramic radiographs with adequate protective measures. Each panoramic radiograph was interpreted to rule out the abnormalities such as radiolucency, radiopacity, impacted teeth, amalgam rests, and root pieces. Prevalence however not restricted to the abnormalities listed above but also include trabecular pattern which were studied in terms of dense trabeculation, sparse and dense trabeculation and sparse trabeculation in the anterior region of upper and lower jaws.Stastical analysis was carried out by using chi square test. Results: Highest prevalence was root pieces (43%), embedded teeth (3.2%), and radiolucencies 8.8%, radiopacities 2%, amalgam rests 2% emphasis the need of panoramic radiograph before any prosthetic treatment. Keywords: edentulous jaws, radiolucencies, radiopacity, impacted teeth, bony trabeculae pattern,root piece

6

Authors: Bhagyashri R Latti1,Sanjeev B Birajdar2,Ramchandra G Latti3

Oral cancer or oral cavity cancer, a subtype of head and neck cancer, is any cancerous tissue growth located in the oral cavity. There are several types of oral cancers, some being squamous cell carcinomas, basal cell carcinomas, verrucous carcinomas, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, malignant melanoma, ameloblastoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and so on; around 90% are squamous cell carcinomas, originating in the tissues that line the mouth and lips. Oral cancer is the eleventh most common cancer in the world with an estimated 267,000 cases and 128,000 deaths in around 2000, two-third of which occurs in developing countries. Delayed diagnosis or referral is the major trigger for death due to oral cancer. This paper concentrates on the causes for delayed diagnosis & guidelines for its prevention. Keywords: Oral cancer awareness, General Dental Practitioners(GDP’s), General Medical Practitioners(GMP’s), Delayed diagnosis & referral

6

Authors: Santosh Kumar1, Parvathi Devi.M2, Ravindra SV3, Ruhi Sidhu4, Kuber tyagi5

Fibrosarcoma (FS) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the fibroblasts that is uncommon in the head and neck and constitutes less than 1% of malignancies and approximately 6% of the soft tissue sarcomas. In 1940 Ewing established the initial concept of primary intraosseous fibrosarcoma, and since then the discussion regarding its existence has been going on. Here we report a rare case of fibrosarcoma in 19 year old male patient with manifestation in the maxilla and the diagnosis and treatment plan. Key words: Fibrosarcoma, herringbone pattern, malignant mesenchymal neoplasm

7

Authors: Garima Gupta1, V. Lokanathan2, V S Ghalaut3, Krishna Malik4, Tarun Sharma5, Isha Malik6

Lymphoma, which can be described as proliferations of lymphoid cells arising as discrete tissue masses, is broadly divided into Non – Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin disease. Majority of malignant lymphoma are found to be NHL. Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) is synthesized in all nucleated cells and forms the light chain subunit of the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen. Despite its potential role as a convenient and non-invasive prognostic indicator in malignant lymphomas, the influence of serum B2M is currently underestimated, and therapeutic decision making is rarely affected by this marker. Objective:To find out the levels of B2M in patients of NHL and to observe if the levels are significantly correlated with the stage of the disease, performance status as denoted by ECOG performance scale, International prognostic index(IPI) evaluated at the time of diagnosis, and thereby, to the severity of disease. Methods: 30 patients with confirmed diagnosis of NHL and 30 age and sex matched controls were selected. The levels of B2M in their serum were estimated. B2M was estimated using ELISA technique. Results: Serum B2M levels were found to be significantly elevated in patients of NHL (4.60±2.24 µg/ml) (p< 0.01). Levels were significantly higher in patients with later stages (stage III and IV) (8.30±0.099µg/ml) than those with early stages (stage I + II) (p<0.01). Patients presenting with poor performance status (ECOG scale) were having a higher B2M levels (5.510±2.35 µg/ml) (p<0.01). There was also a significant difference between B2M levels in each IPI groups. Low B2M levels were found in low risk and low intermediate risk groups as compared to high intermediate and high risk IPI groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: On the basis of observations, it can be concluded that B2M is a good marker of tumour burden and also is a potential marker for disease severity as indicated by higher serum B2M levels in patients with advanced disease stage, higher IPI group and poor performance status. Keywords: lymphoma, non hodgkins lymphoma, beta 2 microglobulin

7

Authors: Ameya Bihani1, Rashu Mittal2, Yogesh Dokhe3,priyanka Hardikar4,Jyoti Dabholkar5

Osteomas are rare benign osteogenic tumors characterized by proliferation of compact or cancellous bone. They may be classified as Peripheral (periosteal), Central (endosteal) or Extraskeletal types. Osteomas not uncommonly involve craniofacial bones with paranasal sinuses being the most common location. A solitary peripheral osteoma (PO) of jaw bones is quite rare entity with mandible affected more than maxilla. Peripheral osteomas are typically slow growing lesions which are mostly asymptomatic unless attain a significant size to produce facial deformity. In this paper, we present 2 cases of mandibular osteoma ,first case is of a large solitary peripheral osteoma located in the buccal surface of the left posterior mandible and causing facial deformity in a 18-year-old man. Radiographic examination by computed tomography revealed radiopacity with a well-circumscribed, pedunculated mass approximately 3 cm in size. Second case is of 28 year old male with an intra-oral swelling which on CT was arising from the medial aspect of the mandible.in both the casest,the osteoma was removed surgically, and no recurrence has been . Key words: Osteoma, Mandible, Gardener syndrome.

8

Authors: Vinayak Kumar Mantu1,Ruchi Mitra2

Aim: To evaluate and intercompare quantitatively, the prevalence of habitual psychoactive substance users alcohol, nicotine and betel nut in the individuals and to evaluate and intercompare clinically, the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in habitual psychoactive substance users. Methodology: A total of 81 subjects in the age range 25 to 55 years, who were being habitual psychoactive substance users like Alcohol, Nicotine, and Betel-nut were selected, and psychological factors mainly anxiety and depression were assessed with standard questionnaire format of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: The various degrees of dependency of nicotine and betel nut which corresponds to anxiety level showed statistically significant results(P≤0.05) when compared to alcohol use. The various degrees of dependency of alcohol, nicotine correspond to depression level showed statistically significant results as compared to betel nut users. Betel nut users showed a statistically highly significant result with oral lesions when compared to alcohol and nicotine users. Conclusion: Higher levels of anxiety and depression as well as oral lesions were associated withpsychoactive substances use. Key words: Oral lesions, psychoactive substances, Anxiety, Depression

8

Authors: Roy Thomas1,Sanjay Rastogi2,Mansi Bansal3

Pulpal and periradicular pathosis are the result of microbial, mechanical, or chemical invasion. Microorganisms are the main irritants of pulpal and periapical tissues. The goal of the obturation is to obtain a fluid-tight seal of the root canal system from its coronal aspect through its apical extent to preserve from the irritants.. Root apices have morphological irregularities in teeth with periapical lesions. Therefore, it is more difficult to produce hermetically apical stop with conventional gutta-percha obturation techniques. Also.apexification with calcium hydroxide is associated with certain difficulties, such as the very long treatment time required, the possibility of tooth fracture, and incomplete calcification of the bridge. Use of an apical plug is an alternative treatment for open apices, and this has gained popularity in recent years, employing mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) for optimal results. We report successful treatment of 3 clinical cases of teeth with open apices and associated peri-apical lesions which were successfully treated with the mineral trioxide aggregate. A four year follow up demonstrated a clinically asymptomatic and adequately functional tooth, with radiological signs of healing. Considering the importance of a coronal seal, the use of MTA for apical plugging appears to be valid option. Key words: Apexification, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Apical Plug, Periapical Lesion

9

Authors: Sidharth Shrikant Joshi1,Atul A. Pandharbale2,Shailee Shelke3

Probiotics are live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits upon the host. A few conventional foods containing probiotics are yogurt, fermented and unfermented milk, soy beverages etc. Most often, they come from two groups of bacteria, Lactobacillus or Bifi dobacterium. Evidence now suggests that probiotics may function not only by direct inhibition of pathogenic micro-organisms, but also by more subtle mechanisms including modulation of the mucosal immune system. Little attention has been paid to the identification of beneficialoral bacterial species. Probiotic technology represents a breakthrough approach to maintaining oral health by using natural beneficial bacteria to provide a natural defense against the pathogenic bacterial species. This review endeavors to introduce the concepts of probiotics in periodontics. Keywords: Bifi dobacterium, lactobacillus, probiotics.

9

Authors: Saraswathi Gopal1,B.G.Harsha Vardhan2, Mahesh Kumar3,Anitha Raghunathan4

This paper aims to highlight a case of malignant tumor in a 23 year old male patient which is of Odontogenic origin, rare in occurrence and presented with a rapid, aggressive growth phase causing local destruction. Clinically, it is more common in the mandible and histologically, it is similar to ameloblastoma in addition to the presence of prominent cytological atypia and mitotic activity. The main as well as prominent histological features include hypercellularity, high mitotic index, lack of differentiation, vascular and neural invasion. Lymph node involvement with metastasis to various sites (frequently the lung) has also been reported and presented. Key words: odontogenic, rare, rapid, destruction, ameloblastoma, neural invasion.

10

Authors: Rana M 1, Hooda A2, Arora T 3, Bodh M 2, Kumar A2, Dahiya A2

‘It all begins with a smile’ is a proverb which highlights the importance of smile in social outlook and quality of life. Perception aesthetics is a philosophy which expresses an understanding of how smiles and consequently how results of aesthetic dentistry are perceived. It further studies what influences the perception of size, color and shape of teeth. Beyond rectifying problems for individual teeth, however, patients are often concerned with the collective appearance of the alignment of their teeth. Through cosmetic bonding and laminate veneers, the dentist can control tooth shape by adding or taking away from the tooth, crown, or laminate. The first Golden Proportion relationship, and the most important to be discovered, is a simple tooth to tooth Golden Proportion used for the determination of the tooth size. From the facial perspective, tooth proportions are guided by the Golden Proportion This article on aesthetic dentistry explores the principles of smile design, such as centerline, symmetry, smile line, incisal plane, gingival aesthetics, proportion and axial alignment. Keywords: Elements of smile designing, esthetic smile, smile designing, smile proportions.

11

Authors: Ravi Marakini Subrahmanya1,Sreenivas Prasad2,Rajendra Prasad3,Veena Shetty4,Subraya Mogra5,Vaman Rao6

Background: Mutations in several Fibroblast Growth Factors and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFR) were found to cause a variety of bone/osteo-genic diseases. More than 97% of achondroplacia cases were reported to be caused by one of two mutations G1138A and G1138C of the gene FGFR3. These commonly occurring SNP sites were targeted to evaluate whether they are responsible for altered maxillary growth in the selected subjects. Material and Methods: Genomic DNA of 30 subjects having Prognathic Maxilla, 30 individuals having Retrognathic Maxilla were compared with that of 30 individuals having normal maxilla. Genomic DNA was extracted from serum using HiPuraTM Forensic Sample Genomic DNA Purification Kit as per the manufacturer’s instructions. A programmable gradient Thermo cycler (Corbett) was used for standardization of PCR conditions for FGFR3 Forward and Reverse primers. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis was used to detect the PCR products and digested with Mspl and Sfcl (Thermo Scientific) in separate tubes and visualized under UV Trans-illuminator. Results & Conclusion: None of the analyzed DNA samples of the selected subjects showed any presence of the targeted mutation sites in selected subjects analyzed in the present study. Keywords: FGFR3 Gene, PCR analysis, Prognathic Maxilla, Retrognathic Maxilla, SNP

11

Authors: B. Kumara Raja1,G. Radha2,R. Rekha3, S.K Pallavi4

Introduction:Globally, poor oral health was seen among elderly people with a high level of tooth loss, dental caries experience, high prevalence rates of periodontal disease, xerostomia and oral cancer. Thus this present review was undertaken to collect the information regarding oral health status of elderly population across India, which would provide an idea about existing oral problems and current oral health status of elderly population. Methods:This study was a literature review of English-language articles indexed in PUBMED, PUBMED CENTRAL & GOOGLE SCHOLAR which was published from the year 2000-2014 with Medical subject heading (MeSH) terms linked with the Geriatric oral health like Aged, Geriatrics, Dental caries, Root caries, Periodontitis, Oral health, Institutionalized persons, India etc. Results:Of 253 citations, 10 studies met study criteria and were reviewed. Conclusions:The present review clearly states that the oral health status and prosthetic status of elderly subjects across India was very poor with more oral disease and conditions, so immediate preventive measures should be instituted to avoid deterioration of their oral health. Keywords: Aged, Geriatrics, Oral health,India.