Journal of Health Research in Community

1-11

Authors: Majid Babaei * , Shila Hasanzadeh , Habibollah Pirnejad , Rana Hoseini , Zahra Niazkhani , Iraj Mohebbi

Introduction and purpose: The severity of accidents and mortality rate varies between countries with different socio-economic statuses. This study aimed to model the socio-economic factors affecting the severity of injuries in traffic accidents of drivers referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia using logistic regression. Methods: This cross-sectional-analytical study included 250 drivers who had a traffic accident in 2020 and were referred to Imam Khomeini Medical Center in Urmia, Iran. For evaluating the relationship between socio-economic factors and the severity of injuries, the Injury Severity Score (ISS) scale was used to determine the severity of the injury, and logistic regression was used to model and study the relationship. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16), and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between the high severity of the injury with, marital status (OR=0.43, P=0.029), level of education (OR=4.45, P=0.005), monthly household income (OR=5.40, P=0.037), car monetary value (OR=3.22, P=0.011), and the share of health care costs (OR=0.31, P=0.004). In contrast, there was no significant relationship between job and the high injury severity. Conclusion: The results showed a significant relationship between most of the socio-economic factors and the severity of the injury. It seems that paying attention to welfare and public health strategies, material and spiritual support for the recovery of patients, increasing the purchasing power of families, improving cultural views, specialized training, and upgrading the automotive industry may reduce accidents and the severity of injuries.

25-38

Authors: Malihe Mobarakian , Homamodin Javadzade , Marzieh Mahmoodi , Mahnoush Reisi *

Introduction and purpose: The World Health Organization considers preventive behaviors, which are influenced by several factors, the most important factor in breaking the COVID-19 transmission chain. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the predictors of COVID-19 preventive behaviors based on an extended pattern of health beliefs in adults. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study performed on 900 adults. The sample was selected through convenience sampling from the statistical population of Salamooz website users. In this study, information was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of four sections (demographic characteristics, health belief model constructs, perceived social support, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors) and statistically analyzed using the SPSS software (version 24). Results: Among the studied variables, age (P<0.001, B=0.04), sex (P<0.001, B=1.33), history of COVID-19 (P=0.001, B=-0.75), perceived sensitivity (P=0.007, B=0.13), perceived barriers (P<0.001, B=-0.24), perceived self-efficacy (P< 0.001, B=0.16), family social support (P<0.001, B=0.13), and friends social support (P=0.021, B=0.06) were predictors of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. These constructs were able to predict 29% of changes in COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Among them, perceived barriers were the strongest predictor of preventive behaviors. Conclusion: Based on the predictors of COVID-19 preventive behaviors, it is suggested that policymakers, officials, and planners in the process of implementing behavioral change to improve COVID-19 preventive behaviors form strategies to increase mental sensitivity. In particular, they can use the risk of illness and inform families, as well as individuals, to improve their supportive role and self-efficacy to reduce barriers to performing preventive behavior.

50-62

Authors: Mahdi Shahraki * , Mojtaba Abbasian , Mehdi Safdari

Introduction and purpose: Gender equality and good governance are the most important social indicators affecting health status and well-being. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of gender inequality and good governance on health status in upper-middle-income countries. Methods: The present ecological and applied study was conducted on upper-middle-income countries using the cross-sectional data method and the Common Correlated Effect Means Group estimator by STATA software (version 16). A total of 33 upper-middle-income countries were selected non-randomly. Data for 2000-2019 were extracted from the databases of the World Bank and the United Nations. Results: The mean of life expectancy index, under-five mortality rate, gender inequality index and good governance were 71.25, 25.28, 0.42 and -1.26. The impact of gender inequality index, good governance index, health expenditures and women's participation rate on life expectancy were equal to -1.15, 0.031, 0.040 and 0.009, respectively, and impact of gender inequality index and per capita GDP on the infant mortality rate were 12.062 and -5.183, respectively. Conclusion: Gender inequality index had a negative effect and good governance, health expenditures and women's participation rate in the labor market had a positive effect on life expectancy; Gender inequality index also had a positive effect and per capita GDP had a negative effect on child mortality rate. Therefore, policies to reduce gender inequality, such as improving women's education, increasing women's participation in parliament, and increasing women's employment are proposed.

76-85

Authors: Hadi Eslami * , Najmeh Hassan Shahi , Zahra Ebrahimi , Ameneh Marzban

Introduction and purpose: Water scarcity is a daunting challenge in most areas of the world, with at least one in six people in the world does not have access to safe drinking water. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between religious attitudes and water saving in students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 299 students who were selected by the convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were the water conservation tendency and the religious attitude standard questionnaires (Marzban et al., 2019). Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using an independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient statistics tests. Results: The mean scores of religious attitude and tendency towards water saving were 4.19±0.5 and 4.25±0.36, respectively. Moreover, 92.3% and 100% of students were in favarouble conditions in terms of religious attitude and water saving, respectively. The tendency to save water consumption had a significant relationship with the university of students (P <0.05). The correlation between religious attitude and the tendency towards water saving was statistically significant (R= 0.483; P ≤0.001). Conclusion: According to the positive relationship between religious attitude and tendency towards water saving consumption, as well as the religious context of our society, we can use this potential in the field of environmental protection and water saving.