Journal of Health Research in Community

14-24

Authors: Yahya Esfandyari , Keivan Saeb * , Ahmad Tavana , Aptin Rahnavard , Farid Ghlamrezafahimi

Introduction and purpose: One of the problems of hospital effluents is the presence of drug residues, including antibiotics, which if not completely eliminated, will be diverted to water resources and lead to health and environmental problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the electrocoagulation process with iron and aluminum electrodes in the removal of cefazolin antibiotics from the hospital wastewater. Methods: To determine the quality of the sewage, 12 samples were taken from the hospital for one year. The trials were repeated 3 times with different pH values, voltages, and at different contact times. Finally, the concentration of cefazolin was determined using an HPLC device. Other related qualitative parameters were tested based on the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Results: Based on the results, the removal efficiency of total solids, chemical oxygen demand, and cefazolin, at optimal conditions (pH=7, voltage=30V and contact time=30 min) were 69.49%, 79.49%, and 86.67%, respectively. The three-way ANOVA indicated that variations in pH, voltage, and contact time have a significant relationship with the process efficiency (P˂0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that the simultaneous electrocoagulation process with iron and aluminum electrodes is able to satisfactorily filtrate hospital wastewater.

36-47

Authors: Aghaali Ghasemnian * , Zahra Ghorbanlou , Akram karimiasl Asl , Jabar Seifpanahi Shabani

Background and Objectives: Oxidative stress from exercise, either injured muscles and reduces performance in athletes, or stimulates the production of cytokines from many cells. body respond to oxidative stress by activating antioxidant defenses and other protective devices to counteract these body pressures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of strenuous endurance training on HO-1 and TNF-α in gastrocnemius and soleus muscle tissue of male wistar rats. Material and Methods: 16 adult male Wistar rats, were randomly divided in 2 groups (control and endurance training). The strenuous endurance training protocol included running on the treadmill for 8 weeks (5 sessions per week). Standard meal and water were freely provided for the subjects. 24 hours after the last session of training and 4 hours of overnight fasting, tissue samples were collected and HO-1 and TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA method. Independent t-test was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of strenuous endurance training did not have a significant effect on the amount of HO-1 enzyme in gastrocnemius and soleus muscle (P˃0/05). Also, 8 weeks of strenuous endurance training had no significant effect on TNF-α in soleus and gastrocnemius muscle (P˃0/05). Discussion and conclusion: Due to the lack of effect of exercise on the levels of HO-1 and TNF-α, it can be said with caution that regular exercise has created a useful adaptation.

58-66

Authors: Gholamabbas Shiali , Emel Saki , Atefeh Siahi Ahangar

Introduction and purpose: Occupational hazards in the workplace cause serious injuries to workers and create many problems for them. The assessment of workerschr('39') safety attitudes and implementation of codified safety training can reduce accidents, unsafe practices, human errors, and costs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the correlation between the demographic characteristics of individuals and the safety attitude towards work in the workers of a dairy company. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on all 168 employees working in a dairy companychr('39')s production line. The data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire, and the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21). Results: As evidenced by the obtained results, most workers had a positive attitude toward safety (6.7±80.18). There was a significant relationship between the number of occupational accidents and the level of workerschr('39') safety attitude (P=0.01). Moreover, the results pointed to the significant relationship between the number of occupational accidents and the work experience of workers (P=0.004) and the number of occupational accidents and job satisfaction (P=0.044). Conclusion: The assessment of safety attitudes and its dimensions can be of great help to identify those areas of training that require more attention and better design. Prioritizing safety and improving workerschr('39') safety attitudes can reduce occupational accidents in the industry.

74-82

Authors: Atena Ramezani * , Mahsa Amirpour

Introduction and purpose: A new species of the new beta-coronavirus family has recently been found in Wuhan, China (nCoV-2019). This virus can cause a variety of serious respiratory illnesses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome. Therefore, due to the relationship of nutrition with the immune and respiratory systems, the present review study was designed with the aim of collecting evidence on the role of nutritional care in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Methods: The Persian and English articles that were related to the subject of interest and published up to 2020 were searched in such databases as PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was performed using the following keywords: “Coronavirus”, “Nutrition”, “Supplement”, and “Influenza”. Results: According to the reviewed studies, the main transmission route of coronavirus is the person-to-person transmission. Therefore, frequent hand washing, maintaining social distance, and observing personal hygiene play an important role in preventing the disease. Due to the role of nutrition in the prevention of infections and the relationship of vitamin and salt deficiency with the exacerbation of respiratory diseases, all patients are recommended to consume a variety of fruits and vegetables. The use of lukewarm liquids to dilute respiratory secretions and a healthy balanced diet, including all major food groups, are measures of significant importance in these patients. People with nutritional deficiencies are recommended to use supplements. However, there are contradictory findings in this regard for all patients. Conclusion: To improve the immune system, it is recommended to cook the protein foods thoroughly and avoid using unpackaged foods. With regard to the fruits and vegetables, it is better to use the fruits and vegetables that can be peeled. Considering the relationship between malnutrition and the spread of infectious diseases, it is suggested to receive sufficient macronutrients, proteins, useful fats, and omega-3 sources, as well as fruits and vegetables as the main sources of vitamins.