Psychology and Law [Psikhologiia i pravo]

13-24

Authors: Budykin S.V.

The authors focus on identifying the psychological aspects of the problem of information security of children and adolescents in the modern world. It is noted that new technologies are penetrating deeper into our lives, become cultural means of socialization and human development, contribute to the formation of new social practices in everyday life, require a certain style of life. Draws attention to the fact that the impact of these technologies varies in age groups, the most vulnerable are children and adolescents. After Western researchers of problems of information security of children and adolescents, identifies the category of risk associated with Internet communication: 1) risk associated with the content of the materials provided on the Internet; 2) the risk due to contacts with others; 3) the risk arising in connection with the illegal downloading of materials. 4) risks resulting from the use of personal data, children and adolescents often provide personal information. Demonstrates the necessity of analyzing how users of new technologies to diagnose risk associated with the use of technology such as the Internet, and what behavioral strategies they adapt. Stresses the importance and the need to examine how the immediate environment of children and adolescents interpreterpath information security and suggests how to counter the threat, coupled with the use of the Internet.

34-52

Authors: Strokova S.S.

This article reflects part of the research devoted to studying family identity in adolescents from different types of family. The article discusses the relationship between features of family identity and adolescents by type of family in which they are raised. This issue is relevant to research in contemporary discourse of family psychology, which quite often raises the problem of family crisis associated with the demographic situation in the country, the number of divorces, the spread of alternative forms of marital unions, etc. It is traditionally believed that the family crisis could have a negative impact on the experience of his family belonging in children and adolescents, creating a social risk for them. The research method is a questionnaire specifically designed for research purposes. According to the results of empirical research the conclusion about the lack of direct links between specific experiences of belonging to his family in adolescents, i.e., their family identity, and family type in which they are raised.

68-79

Authors: Gornostaev S.V.

The article discusses the administrative-legal and phenomenological approaches to understanding the official loyalty. Official loyalty is being considered under the administrative-legal approach as adherence to formal official duty, which is a system of obligations, taken together with official status, the source of which are: normative base of service activity, legal requirements of the head and public interests. Lists of the limitations of administrative-legal approach to understanding the of official loyalty: weak underdeveloped concept, the failure to take into account the wide range of situations, operation with a models rather than actual processes. Discusses the advantages of the phenomenological approach in studying the performance of loyalty: its psychological advantages, the existence of a theoretical framework, the work with the real phenomena. Within the phenomenological approach official loyalty is defined as psychological-behavioral integration of the employee in the group operating in the service sector, on the basis of a common cause of activities. Possibilities of sharing of the considered approaches for the decision of problems of optimization of official activity are designated.

89-105

Authors: Kabanova T.N.,Pleshakova E.A., Dubinsky A.A.,Vasilchenko A.S.

Individually-psychological characteristics were studied and profiles of the styles of self-regulation of the employees engaged in hazardous were determined. The mainly group consisted of 30 men aged 21 to 60 years, who are specialists of dangerous professions. The comparison group included 30 men from 22 to 60 years, whose professional activity was not associated with risk. The following methods were used: questionnaire "Style of self-regulation of behavior" by V. I. Morosanova; questionnaire of self-control (H. Grasmik, 1993, adaptation Bulygina V. G., Abdrazakova A. M., 2009); the questionnaire BIS/BAS, used to study the sensitivity to punishment and reward; the questionnaire formal-dynamic properties of individuality by V. M. Rusalov; the aggression questionnaire by A. Buss and M. Perry (adaptation Enikolopov S. N., Cybulski N. P., 2007); the scale of anxiety Charles D. Spielberger (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI); personal questionnaire of the G. and S. Eysenck – EPQ. It was found that specialists hazardous professions are distinguished by: a higher level of development of the regulatory flexibility and individual system of conscious self-regulation activity; higher levels of extroversion, communication activity, the total adaptability; a lower level of reactive anxiety, trait anxiety and general emotional. Moreover, impulsiveness, egocentrism, lack of restraint and physical activity in the structure of self-monitoring specialists of dangerous professions associated with high levels of affective component of aggression and incoherence of parts of the process of self-regulation. There were allocated a 3 profile of self-regulation in specialists of dangerous professions: a) a high level of self-regulation – coupled with a high intellectual and physical development, the highest level of adaptability and general activity; b) medium – rapid response to emerging changes in the situation, the successful production alternatives, greater flexibility in the process of communicating with less intellectual and physical activity; c) low – the most developed stage of self-regulation is assessment of results with low rates of formal-dynamic properties of individuality and adaptability at the same time.

122-130

Authors: Kovalchishina N.I.

In the article the problem of psychological violence (mobbing) in organizations, his psychological characteristics in emigration. Analyzes the types of mobbing, its negative influence on the personality, negative consequences which not only affect physical and psychological health, but also lead to physical diseases, and suicide. The author emphasizes that in conditions of exile (in Israel) psychological violence is experienced more acutely and is characterized by a prolonged depressed state. One important reason for this situation is the decline of the former social status of the emigrant, being able to quickly inclusion in the new society, loss of important social ties, the need to adopt different social norms, sometimes contradicting previously established views. Against the background of such negative phenomena in humans appear aggression, desire to dominate at any cost to regain lost status. The problem of mobbing in the modern world is very important and requires a robust approach at the state level. That psychological safety is a condition for ensuring the formation and development of functional comfort, maintaining a high level of personal emotional security and social-psychological skills, optimization of reserve possibilities of the person in activities.

144-153

Authors: Kozhevnikova E. N., Simakova T. A.

The article deals with the possibility of extension of psycho-pedagogical Toolkit of prisoners through the establishment of programs of formation of their life strategies. The definition of the concept of life strategy conditionally convicted minors. Reveals the need for an integrated impact on the personality of the convict subject to various conditions and factors. Describes in detail the methodological principles of the organization of psychological correctional work. Explains the development and use in education methodology of the subject-citizen participation approach. Along with a review of various programs of correction of the person convicted, describe the purpose, tasks, methods and techniques of the program of formation of life strategies probation and parole of juveniles. It is concluded that the programs of psychological support and correction, along with controls and constraints play a major role in the process of correction and re-socialization of conditionally convicted juveniles, and their development and application become one of the most popular areas of the modern prison psychological science and practice.

169-181

Authors: Savina O.F., Morozova M.V.

The article presents the results of a study of trust between employees of a penal colony (inspectors and employees of the production zone), and women who are serving sentences for the crimes of 1) small and moderate, 2) such grave and particularly grave crimes. There were used a modification of the methods of assessment of trust/distrust by A. B. Kupreychenko, M. Rosenberg's Faith in People Scale, Acceptance of Others Scale by William F. Fey and J. Campbell’s Benevolence Scale. The fact of greater confidence on the part of employees of the production department to the women who are serving a sentence for a grave or especially grave crime was fixed, it was explained the specifics of their interaction in the work. The general trend to exercise greater trust by inmates to employees of the penal system was detected than their response reaction that appear of a greater degree of distrust.

193-205

Authors: Zakharova N. M., Baev A. S., Gurin I. V., Shkurko V. V.

In this article the authors consider the phenomenon of stigmatization as one of the unfavorable socio-psychological results of emergency situations raising the level of personality vulnerability though not studied enough so far. A study was made to reveal stigmatization with relation to persons who had suffered from emergency situations, among the inhabitants of the two regions exposed to terroristic attacks: that of North Ossetiya (the town of Beslan and the city of Vladikavkaz) and the Central Region (the city of Moscow). Analysis of the obtained data permitted one to make a conclusion of the presence of signs of stigmatization in both groups of respondents, of insufficient awareness in society of the specificities of individual forms of response to stress, of manifestations of post-stress mental disorders, as well as a transfer of social stereotypes related to persons with mental disorders to the victims. Socio-demographic factors causing outward stigmatization have been defined. A degree of expression of stigmatization tendencies depends on a respondent’s social status as well as on the past traumatic experience.

220-239

Authors: Safuanov F.S.

The methodology of the subject types of forensic examinations with the application of psychological knowledge is analyzed. The history of the formation of subject types of forensic psychological examination and a comprehensive forensic psychological and psychiatric examination is considered. Shows their transformation and expansion under the influence of changes of domestic legislation. Based on the definition of the research subject of a legal expert- psychologist, concluded that the first step of building the subject of a separate judicial review should be the analysis of its legal significance. Discussed options for legal consequences and the role of expert opinion in in making judicial decisions. The second step is expertelligence analysis. It is the allocation of the psychological characteristics of legal rules (legal criteria). The third stage of psychological analysis consists in the correlation of concepts with expert knowledge in scientific psychology. The need of adaptation and transformation of scientific psychological knowledge (as basic science) in forensic psychological expertise (special knowledge of the expert) are shown. Discusses ways of formation of special knowledge of the expert-psychologist and the limits of its competence.

250-263

Authors: Lavreshkin N.V.

The article is devoted to the definition of the role of group training in the development and formation of professionally important qualities (PIQ) of the legal psychologist. Produced comparison of the main approaches to the concept of "professional qualities" in psychology and a model of professionally important qualities of a legal psychologist, consisting of 5 groups of PIQ. We analysed the features of the development of professionally important qualities of students of the Faculty of Legal Psychology as well as methods of their development, are used during education at university. Designed the program of socio-psychological training, aimed at the development of PIQ of first-year students, who study on Faculty of Legal Psychology. By the using of the method of forming experiment, identified the possibilities of group training in the formation and development of PIQ of a legal psychologist. Developed recommendations.