Psychology and Law [Psikhologiia i pravo]

1-9

Authors: Gud M. B.

The article discusses the concept of "legal consciousness of minors", the peculiarities of its formation in adolescence, and a pedagogical process of correction of legal consciousness adolescents in conditions of serving criminal sentences, when registration with the penal inspection. Analyzes one of the factors of correction of legal consciousness – raising in the family of convicted minors consisting on the account in the criminal-Executive inspection. The specifics of family upbringing and their impact on the efficiency of re-socialization of minors consisting on the account in criminally-executive inspection, as well as reducing recidivism. Examples of departmental statistics on the role of the family in preventing delinquency and crime among convicted adolescents. The basic directions of improvement of family education in the framework of the activities of employees of criminally-executive inspections.

20-31

Authors: Kalinkin D. S., Vasilchenko A.S., Shport S.V.

The present article contains the research data of pathopsychological predictors of contraindications to driving for persons with mental disorders. The data of 60 outpatient charts of patients-drivers and driver candidates who underwent a psychiatric examination in order to reveal the presence or absence of contraindications to driving was analyzed and resulted in a psychiatric diagnosis setting for the first time. The analysis was conducted with considering the following parameters: the commission decision on the presence or absence of contraindications to driving; age; mental illness diagnosis; results of pathopsychological research and data on driving experience. It was revealed that the 'criticality violation' parameter was the universal pathopsychological predictor of contraindications amongst the drivers and driver candidates surveyed. At the same time, nosospecific abnormalities of mental processes have been identified that in overall affect on the making of a medical decision on the presence of contraindications to driving. Attention disorders (its instability) were significantly more frequent, whilst the patients with organic mental disorder also had criticality violations, and the patients with personality disorder were characterized by instability of emotional reactions. Additional record of pathopsychological features can significantly improve the accuracy of the ability to safe driving assessment for drivers and driver candidates, and more effectively predict the risk of an accident.

44-58

Authors: Safuanov F.S., Kalashnikova A.S., Carkov A.V.

The article substantiates approach to the study of crime of aggression, taking into account the analysis of the behavior principles of interaction of personal and situational factors; interaction of aggressive and antiaggressive personal factors. Three-dimensional typology of crime of aggression formed three axles: high – low aggressiveness; formation – aborted personal aggression inhibitors; neutral – a legally significant traumatic situation. This typology has been verified on the basis of empirical material, including 329 people (257 males and 72 women aged 18 to 70 years) charged with violent crimes. All of the defendants (33 % mental health 67 % – with a variety of mental disorders not excluding sanity) were examined in the production of a comprehensive forensic psychological and psychiatric examination. A cluster analysis of the subjects (Ward's method) showed the validity of the choice of three bases of a typology of criminal aggression. The most powerful discriminator of types of aggression were personal inhibitors of aggression, less severe factors of high aggressiveness and characteristics of the situation. Identified correlations between various mental disorders and types of aggression.

79-91

Authors: Starikova V. O., Debolsky M. G., Oshevsky D. S.

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the so-called traits of an «antisocial personality» in juvenile offenders. In the educational colony of the PKU, the Aleksinsky VK of the UFSIN of Russia in the Tula region and the GSPU "Financial College No. 35" in Moscow, 28 convicts and 17 teenagers with conditional-normative behavior were examined. To describe the individual characteristics that characterize the traits of «antisocial personality», a set of psychological techniques (tests and questionnaires) is selected. A survey map is drawn up, which includes parameters relating to the history of the life of adolescent offenders. It is shown that juvenile convicts are marked by a number of traits that can be considered as predictors of unlawful behavior. In accordance with the foreign medical classifiers (ICD-10, DSM-5) and structured evaluation methods (PCL-R), they are designated as traitsof an «antisocial personality». The individual specificity of the traitsof the «asocial personality» has been determined.

106-126

Authors: Rogachev A. V., Konopleva I. N.

The article discusses the problem of studying the tolerance of uncertainty and coping behaviors among law enforcement officers. The problem of coping behavior is one of the most relevant for legal psychology in the study of psychological characteristics of work and personality of law enforcement officers. Performance is achieved not only professional knowledge and skills, but also features tolerance to ambiguity and stress overcoming behavior of employees in a busy and special conditions. Considered tolerance/intolerance (TN/INT) to uncertainty, coping behavior, its essence and main components. Defined the main directions in studying the coping strategies of law enforcement. The study involved 78 officers FDCS of Russia in the age from 20 to 50 years with different calendar length of service in bodies of drug enforcement. The results of an empirical study aimed at studying the peculiarities of tolerance for uncertainty and coping strategies of law enforcement officers, establish the specific nature of their relationship. The differences in the level of tolerance for uncertainty and the choice of coping strategies among employees depending on the experience of service in law enforcement and the level of neuropsychic stability.

137-150

Authors: Kovaleva M.E., Bulygina V. G.

The results of a comprehensive psychological and psychophysiological study of the characteristics of mental self-regulation in the simulation of various stressful situations in the specialists of extreme profile on the example of servicemen were described in the article. The integrated protocol of the study by the method of biofeedback with consideration of various indices of the central and autonomic nervous system under conditions of stress stimulation was developed. The set of psychological questionnaires was used to diagnose psychological features of self-regulation: questionnaire of self-control H. Grasmik, questionnaire "Style of self-regulation of behavior" by V. I. Morosanova, the questionnaire BIS/BAS, the questionnaire formal - dynamic properties of individuality by V. M. Rusalov, personal questionnaire of the G. and S. Eysenck EPQ, the scale of anxiety Charles D. Spielberger. Statistical method of clustering by the k-means method, single-factor analysis of variance, multiple regression analysis were applied. Psychological and psychophysiological differences between mentally disadaptive and adaptive groups are described, as well as predictors of mental disadaptation for military personnel are identified. It was found that mental disadaptation among servicemen is characterized by a preference for simple tasks in the structure of self-control and a high level of reactive situational anxiety, reduced programming and evaluation indicators, psychomotor erbiness, intellectual speed, indices of psychomotor activity and general adaptivity. The psychophysiological profile of maladaptation differs from the normative indices with elevated indices of subcortical alpha and theta rhythms in the initial background, as well as an increased index of vegetative balance and a reduced index of activation of subcortical centers in the stress sample. Psychophysiological predicators of disadaptation were established.