Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi (Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry)

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Authors: Abdullah Istek, Kamil Mugla, Saadettin Murat Onat

In order to determine the surface properties of MDF panels, three types overlays were used; including lacquer paint (LP), melamine impregnated decorative paper (MIDP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The effects of overlays on MDF panel’s surface properties were determined and compared to each other. According to the results, PVC coated MDF panels showed higher abrasion resistance compared to MIDP and LP panel surfaces. Cigarette burn test show that LP panels have performed better than others. Water steam test and staining test results revealed that all overlays better performed at standard quality values. PVC overlaid panels presented higher impact resistance than the others. LP panels were found poor in terms of cracking performance compared to PVC and MIDP panels.

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Authors: Ayşe Genç Lermi [1] , Sahin Palta [2] , Huseyin Ozturk [3]

This study was carried out in Serdar Village of Bartın province where range improvement and management project was conducted between 2008-2012 years by the Food, Agriculture and Livestock Directorate of Bartın Province and Black Sea Agricultural Research Institue. The objective of this research was to investigate some physical and chemical characteristics of soil and to analyze the botanic composition and the canopy cover in previously improved range area of Serdar Village. Some soil properties was determined such as pH, lime content, electrical conductivity, texture, particle size, organic matter, nitrogen content, available potassium and available phosphorus content. According to the vegetation analysis, average canopy cover of the study area 87.2% was determined. Based on the average values, the botanic composition consisted of legumes with 27.6%, grasses with 34.1% and plant taxons of other families with 25.5%. According to average results of the soil analysis, research area soils were slightly acidic, had low lime content, had low electrical conductivity, clayey, owned high organic matter, had high nitrogen content, carried very high available potassium content with medium available phosphorus content.

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Authors: Erol Imren [1] , Selman Karayılmazlar [2] , Rıfat Kurt [3]

For optimal decision for the selection of establishment place, there are various numerical methods. Among those, analytical hierarchy process, based on the multiple criteria decision making principle, is a fairly developed and new method. In this study, optimal establishment place selection problem in furniture industry, one of the subsectors in forest industry, has been investigated. First of all, information is given regarding method used for the selection of establishment place. Later the criteria affecting the problem solving process have been determined. The criteria were as the economy, production, market share and environment. For the establishment place, Amasya, Bayburt, Corum and Karabuk vicinities have been selected. AHP based problem was solved using expert choice (EC) software. The results were compared and sensitivity analysis was carried out. As a result, the economy was determined as the most important factor as 55% and the most appropriate place for establishment was recommended as Karabuk.

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Authors: Göksu Şirin, Deniz Aydemir

Wood is an anisotropic and complex material. Analysis of the properties of complex materials is quite difficult. Various computer programs were developed for use in such investigations. The parameters and basic information about material should be correctly transferred to the computer to obtain the possible accurate results. Finite Element Analysis is one of these methods.

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Authors: Emre Babur [1] , Ömer Kara [2] , Yunus Emre SUSAM [3]

The aim of this study was to assess some physical, chemical properties and soil erodibility indices of bare land soils in Sinop-Boyabat district. To do so, totally 60 soil samples were collected by taking 30 samples from the upper layer (0-20 cm) and 30 samples from the bottom layer (20-40 cm) by digging thirty soil pit. Some physical (sand, silt, clay, field capacity, wilting point, available water holding capacity) and chemical (pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, CaCO3) properties of soils and also their erodibility index (clay ratio, colloid moisture equivalent, erosion ratio, dispersion ratio) were determined. The texture of the soil found in the study area was loamy clay; the characteristics of the soil were found as lime soil and lithe alkaline. Topsoil and subsoil erodibility indices were found. These values were 1.70, and 1.65 of colloid moisture equivalent, 24.78%, and 23.16% of dispersion ratio and 14.93, and 14.51 of erosion ratio, respectively. When these values are taken into account, it was found that the soil was erosion sensitive in terms of dispersion ratio and erosion ratio; and erosion-resistant in terms of colloid moisture equivalent. Water is main erosive factors in the study area. The results showed that the soil without vegetation cover would be eroded by erosive rainfall unless precautions are taken.

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Authors: Ferhat Kara [1]

Seven expressions of stand density were compared in regard to overstory tree diameter increment in eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marsh.)-silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.)-American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) forests. Basal area (BA), trees per hectare (TPH), percent stocking, stand density index (SDI), relative minimum density of full site occupancy (RMDFO), percent average maximum density (PAMD) and relative density (RD) were evaluated as expressions of stand density. Relative stand density measures seemed to be better predictors of average diameter increment than absolute density measures. In addition, relative density measures were identical in regard to their influence on the tree diameter increment.

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Authors: Mustafa Zor, Eser Sozen, Timucin Bardak

In this study, the mechanical performance of Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Fir (Abies bornmülleriana Mattf.) wood laminated with different glues were performed and the availability of image analysis method for determining deformations in comparison with the conventional method was investigated. According to the results, the highest bending strength and compression strength parallel to grain in Scotch Pine wood laminated with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) glue was determined 99.16 N /mm2 and 42.56 N/mm2, respectively. As a result, it is recommended to prefer scotch pine instead of fir in the usage areas in which the high strength properties desired. The deformations data obtained by using the software developed by Labview™ graphical programming compared with conventional method and the results of two methods are consistent with literature.

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Authors: Selma Çelikyay, A. İlknur Aytekin

The principle of “usage of natural resources without exhausting them”, as one of the major principles of sustainable development, has been adopted in the world. Thus spatial planning strategies have gained a dimension considering natural resources. Also in Turkey, worldwide planning strategies based on ecological perspective should be determined and adopted. Although these approach and principles mentioned above were included legal legislation, there is a need for ecological assessments from urban ecology and urban ecosystem. Consideration of sustainability, renewable resources and nonrenewable resources are major concepts and actions guiding to decision makers in planning process for sustainable and livable cities. In this research, industrial zones of Bartın province were investigated. Examining geographical, topographical, geological, hydrological, soil and floristic structure of the lands on which industrial establishments were located, current status of industrial land uses were evaluated with the aspects of ecological planning and urban ecology.

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Authors: Selman Karayılmazlar [1] , Gülay Şener Uzcan [2]

Developments in information and communication technologies gaining momentum with globalization have influenced economies’ business manners and policies significantly. The economies which are able to transform into innovative, information-based and value-added production structure and marketing strategies can be important business actors that are competing in global market. Competitive relationships have been studied at the level of country, region and business. The ideal scale that explains competitive relationships which play an important role in constituting competitive advantage is at the level of regional industries. For this reason, when competitive advantage is considered, we encounter with sectors that have been successful in certain regions and site-specific conditions bring success. Accordingly, TR81 NUTS 2 Region Forest Products Industry business cluster’s competitive advantage has been analysed with the help of Michael Porter’s diamond model. In order to collect data, complete inventory method has been used by applying surveys to 65 forest product businesses that were specified in the cities Zonguldak, Karabuk, and Bartın. With the business cluster competitive analysis, cluster’s competitive advantages and disadvantages have been addressed. In addition, shortcomings and possible solutions to develop the cluster and to increase its competitive advantage have been stated in the sections of conclusion and suggestions. It is estimated that this study can make a significant contribution to studies and regional projections to develop competitiveness of “TR81 region furniture and wood sector”.

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Authors: Nurhan Koçan [1] , Ömer Lütfü ÇORBACI [2] , Duygu Duygu Doğan [3]

One of the most important goals in landscape planning is to achieve the proposed socio-economic level through using environmentally compatible policies when it peaking the life quality. Regarding to the scope of biological production, determining the growth requirements of the plants used at the agro-ecological zones and improving them by planning constitute the basis of this study. Amasra which has established as a peninsula covering approximately 120 km2 was preferred as the study area. The agro-ecological zones of the chestnut, walnut and hazelnut together with the orchard of apples, cherries and sour cherries that are cultivated by local community were identified within the study area. Since these products are favored and economically high valuable plants cultivated within the study area, they were primarily evaluated. In order to define the agro-ecological zones, digital maps were utilized. ArcGIS 10 was preferred as GIS software for the generation of the maps. The Microsoft Access software was used for generation of the database in the study area. According to the results of this study, the areas where plants have been growing without needing any maintenance were determined as suitable areas whereas the areas where plants can grow if appropriate conditions are supplied with extra care were identified as the non-suitable areas.

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Authors: Derya Sevim Korkut, Birsu Bozkurt Küçük

The aim of this study is to show the present state of forest products industry enterprises. For that purpose, 77 forest products industry enterprises in Bursa/Inegöl were interviewed and surveyed. Consequently, it was found out that 77,9% of the enterprises operate in furniture industry, 97,4% of the enterprises follow the latest innovations and developments regarding production and 90,9% of the enterprises are informed of the latest technology of the industry. Also, 54,5% of the enterprises stated that they have Certified Quality Management System and 71,4% of the enterprises stated that they have a separate unit routinely involved in research and development activities.

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Authors: Faruk Çetin, Gokhan Gunduz

In this study, the results of academic research about the physical properties of some wood species in Turkey between 1951-2015 were collected and evaluated. For this purpose, Journal of Turkish Forestry Research Institue, Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, Engineering Journals and masters and Ph. D. Thesises were investigated. Volume-weight-density relations, solid wood, acoustical and electrical properties were compared. The results are presented in detailed charts. The units were converted to N/mm2 for a easier comparision for readers.

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Authors: Ayhan USTA, Murat YILMAZ, Lokman ALTUN

Plant species compositions in the ecosystem and soils developed under these species compositions cause nutrients to be fixed or transport away from the site. The change of plant species compositions of forest ecosystems in precipitation watersheds changes the quality of water produced from these watershed. Especially, the fact that species such as Alder with nitrogen fixation ability enter into plant species composition will be effective on nutrient cycling. In this study, the effect of Alder on nitrogen transport to surface waters and therefore the cation losses in the ecosystem in stands where it is dominant was investigated. For this purpose, 36 surface water samples from 3 sub-watersheds selected in Şimşirli stream watershed throughout 1 water year and 39 soil samples from 15 soil profiles opened in forest areas were taken. While water quality parameters such as pH, EC, total nitrogen (TN), nitrate (NO3-N), ammonium (NH4-N), Ca++, Mg++, K+ and Na+ were determined in surface waters, sand, silt, clay, pH, EC, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and exchangeable cations (Ca++, Mg++, K+ and Na+) were determined in soil samples. TN and NO3-N concentrations in surface waters have increased along with the increase in the rate of forest area in the lower watersheds. Increase of NO3-N concentration in surface waters increased the basic cation (Ca++, Mg++ and K+) concentrations. This situation shows that leaching of nitrate in the sub-watersheds increases the cation losses. Annual TN transport in the sub-watersheds varied between 6.17 - 95.09 kg N Ha-1 and was 44.93 kg N Ha-1Year-1 on the average. Findings obtained as a result of the study suggest that Alder might be an important species under the control of the ecosystem and provide valuable information about the possible eutrophication of Galyan-Atasu dam reservoir.

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Authors: Ali Naci TANKUT, Abdurrahman KARAMAN

In this study, the creep properties of demonte bookcases, which are produced with different fasteners and wood based materials were investigated. Particleboard (YL) and medium density fiberboard (MDF) were used as wooden composites materials and also trapez connector with metal parts, metal minifix connector with metal peg, metal minifix connector with plastic peg, metal T connector, pipe type connector, and corner fitting were used as connectors. Demonte bookcases were exposed to static loading for six months by considering the critic loads which could effect while in service use. According to the results, the highest creep value was obtained particleboard (YL) with metal minifix connector with plastic peg combination as 1,321 mm, the lowest creep value was obtained medium density fiberboard (MDF) with trapaze connector with metal combination as 0,577 mm. It was determined that the bookcase produced by using medium density fiberboard (MDF) and metal trapez connector better than the bookcase produced by using particleboard (YL) and metal minifix connector with plastic peg combination.

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Authors: Saadettin Murat ONAT

Metal plate connectors enhance the load transfer by increasing the bearing area between wood member and the fastener. Because of having many advantages, metal plate connected (MPC) wood trusses have been widely used for over 50 years in many building applications especially in prefabricated homes. In this study, the possibility of using Timberstrand® laminated strand lumber (LSL) as a raw material was investigated. The behavior and the performance of metal plate connected Timberstrand connections loaded perpendicular to the grain in tension and shear at 0o, 45o and 90o orientations has been examined in accordance with ANSI TPI 1995 standards. According to the test results, Timberstrand joints performed better than solid southern pine joints in both tension (51%) and shear (10%) loading. This means that Timberstrand LSL has a very good potential for use in the truss fabrication industry.

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Authors: Tendü Hilal GÖKTUĞ, Gamze KURKUT

National parks and other protected areas which are rich in natural and cultural resources values and offering economic recreational opportunities, more demanding with each passing day. More recreational uses negatively affect the resource values and visitor satisfaction. For the last 30 years in developed countries, visitor management has been discussed within the framework of sustainability. Visitor management frameworks based on recreational carrying capacity analyses have been developed and visitor management plans have been established. Visitor management strategies defined in these plans and have been developed the appropriate management tools in accordance with this strategies. In this study; visitor management strategies and management tools were examined and a unique classification system was developed. And also the issues were discussed on a national scale and presented proposals

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Authors: Meliha AKLIBAŞINDA, Aslıhan ERDOĞAN

Today, with the growing number of buildings, cities move away from nature and green spaces remain trapped between the building masses. As cities turn into artificial environments, longing for nature and green increases every day. Planted roads which play an important role in the urban identity constitute the foundation of urban open-green space. Moreover, urban road plantation makes aesthetic, functional, ecological, psychological and economic contributions to the city.In the scope of this study, seven important routes in Nevşehir City have been examined. The plant species which are used in road sides, central refuge and intersections along these routes have been identified. In addition, contributions of the road plants to the city and to urban open-green area systems have been evaluated within the framework of the plantation principles. With obtained data, by defining each route, dominant plant species have been identified and plant keys of the related roads have been established. As a result, there has been efforts to create characteristic roads with plantations in the Nevşehir City but it is determined that wrong plant type selection and improper planting techniques have been used in these practices. Therefore, plant species which have suitable diameter, form and size should be preferred in applications within the framework of urban road planting design techniques.

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Authors: Yıldız ÇABUK, Murat YEŞİLKAYA, Selman KARAYILMAZLAR

Manufacturing of woodworking machinery (MWM) has been growing in parallel to furniture and other forest products industry since 1940’s. Nowadays the number of manufacturers in this sector is growing rapidly but this growth brings various structural issues similar to every other sector. In this study, determination of structural characteristics and issues of MWM sector were aimed. For this reason, a questionnaire study comprised of 38 questions was carried out. Simple random sampling method was applied to 57 different enterprises and the results were tabulated and analyzed accordingly. According to the results obtained structure and issues of the enterprises were identified and recommendations were presented. Thus, it is emphasized that sector delegations and government officials are needed to cooperate to find concrete solutions to the issues of the sector. It is also recommended that sustainable technological investments with the help of government support will help modernizing the sector. Hence, it is foreseen also that these recommendations will lead to increase product quality, to achieve more economical production and increase success rate under heavy competition.