Animal Production

131-140

Authors: Nafiatul Umami, Ryo Akashi, Takahiro Gondo, Genki Ishigaki, Hidenori Tanaka

The aim of this study was to produce callus induction potential of 4 napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes (Dwarf Late, Hybrid, Merkeron and Wrukwona). Callus was induced from shoot apices of shoot tillers on MS media containing 2.4-D and BAP. On the MS medium containing 2 mg L–1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L–1 BAP all genotypes could produce embryogenic calli, with different rate of growth. The best genotype for producing embryogenic calli was dwarf napiergrass in 60 day culture. These genotypes would be useful for tissue cultured based research and for napiergrass improvement program, particularly in genetic transformation. Culturing shoot apices on MS medium containing 2 mgL–1 2,4-D and 0.5 mgL–1 BAP was more suitable than on MS medium containing 0.5 mgL–1 2,4-D. In the subculture with similar medium composition, proliferation occured poorly on dwarf napiergrass, whereas none happened on the three other genotypes. On the hormon-free medium, all genotypes germinated in different rates. This research pointed out that dwarf napiergrass gave the best response toward induction medium. However, its proliferation and regeneration needed to be optimized in order to obtain more obvious data. This genotype would be useful for tissue culture based research and for napiergrass improvement program, particularly in genetic transformation.

149-156

Authors: Bayu Adhitya Nugraha, Rudi Afnan, Sri Darwati, Tuti Suryati

This study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on stress indicator, carcass compositition, and meat cholesterol content of kampung–broiler crossbred chicken. A total of 90 DOCs of crossbred kampung-broiler (KB) were placed into 9 blocks of housing each with 1x1 m2 in semi closed house that consist of 3 stocking densities 8, 10 and 12 birds m-2 and respectively 3 replicates. The chickens were fed commercial broiler feed. Approximately ± 30% roosters slaughtered for analysis of malondialdehyde, carcass quality, and meat cholesterol. Malondialdehyde, carcass composition, and meat cholesterol was completely randomized designed with different stocking densities treatments and three replicates. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and had previously been tested for requirement of variance test assumption. Data of temperature humidity index (THI) was descriptively explained. The results showed that the effect of different stocking densities on stress indicator reflected by THI value and MDA content, carcass composition (percentage of carcass and abdominal fat weight), and cholesterol level were not significant. The different of stocking densities (8, 10 and 12 birds m-2) did not affect the stress indicators reflected by THI and MDA level, carcass composition and meat cholesterol level. Kampung-broiler crossbred chicken could develop at 8, 10 or 12 birds m-2 densities since the lower of abdominal fat and meat cholesterol were resulted.

165-172

Authors: Emilia Kamung Hambu, Raden Iis Arifiantini, Bambang Purwantara, Sri Darwati

Indonesia has agreat variety of roosters, either indigenous type as well as exotic and cross breed. The purpose of this experiment was to study the characteristics of semen from three types of Indonesian local roosters such as Merawang, Kampung and crosses Sentul Kampung with Kedu (SK Kedu). A total of 15 roosters consist of Merawang roosters, Kampung, and SK Kedu roosters were 5 each. The semen was collected 3 times a week by dorso-abdominal and cloaca massage method. The parameters evaluation was macroscopic characteristics consist of volume, color, consistency, and pH. Microscopic evaluation of semen such as a mass movement, sperm motility, live sperm, sperm abnormality and sperm concentration. Results of this experiment showed that semen volume of Merawang (0.40±0.26 mL) was higher (p<0.05) compare to Kampung (0.24±0.12 mL) or SK Kedu (0.16±0.10 mL) but no difference on semen color, consistency and semen pH. There were no difference in the mass movement, sperm motility and live sperm as well as on sperm abnormality among three types of roosters. Sperm concentration of Merawang (4490 million mL-1) was significantly higher than Kampung (3245 million mL-1) and the SK Kedu roosters (3751 million mL-1). Its was conclude that Merawang roosters had good semen quality better than Kampung and SK Kedu roosters

181-192

Authors: Budi Guntoro, Anang Febri Prasetyo, Endang Sulastri

The purpose of this study to determine the level of participation, identify the factors that influence the participation of farmers and to analysis the effect of participation in the Scholars develop village or Sarjana Membangun Desa (SMD) program. The research was conducted on a group of beef cattle in the SMD program Bantul Yogyakarta Province. Primary data were collected by survey method using questionnaire interviews on 8 SMD groups consisting of 42 members. Analysis of the level of participation of farmers using discriptive analysis, while to analysis factors that affect the participation of farmers and the influence of participation to the success of the program was used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS tools for windows 16. The result analysis shows that farmers level participation in planning, 71.43% farmers had low participation; 59.52% farmers in the implementation stage had participation that was middle level. On stage of evaluation 54.76% farmers had low participation and in stage sharing benefits 50% farmers had low participation. Success of the program SMD viewed from population cattle declined from 184 head to 107 head, while the existing capital in the group also decreased from IDR 2.904.000.000 to IDR 1.182.000.000 seen from number of members group declined from 185 farmers being 114 farmers. Regression analysis showed that age, occupation, level of formal education, non-formal education, long became members of the group, farming experience, family income, number of dependents, land holdings, cosmopolitan, group motivation, the role of SMD, and the role of agency participation of farmers had not been able to explain the participation of farmers and the value of R2 value of 0.132 (13.2%). Partially no factor capable of affecting farmers participation. Further results of the regression analysis with the participation of relationship success SMD program showed no effect with R2 value of 0.01.

66-74

Authors: Caribu Hadi Prayitno, Suwarno Suwarno, Doso Sarwanto, Dinar Hidayatun, Ma'ratul Solihah

The aim of this study was to assess the impact and efficiency of red betel leaf’s extract supplementation in the diet of dairy cattle on fermentation characteristics by in vitro. The research method was experiment by using completely randomized design. The treatments that were tested were R1: basal feed, R2: R1 + 15 ppm of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract, R3: R1 + 30 ppm of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract, R4: R1 + 45 ppm of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract, R5: R1 + 60 ppm of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract. The parameters measured in this study were (1)Dry MatterDigestibility (DMD),(2)Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) (3) total gas production (4) methane production (CH4) and (5) total Volatille Fatty Acid (VFA). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed Orthogonal Polynomial Test.The results showed that the suplementation red batel extract in the diet of dairy cow was significant (P < 0.01) on DMD, OMD, total gas production, methane production (CH4) and total VFA.Orthogonal Polynomial test showed the effect of treatment on Dry MatterDigestibility (DMD), total gas and CH4 gas production were in the form of cubic curve, as well as Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) and Volatille Fatty Acid (VFA) in the form of quadrate curvewith supplementation of red betel leaf.

85-93

Authors: Ana Rochana, Nyimas Popi Indriani, Budi Ayuningsih, Iman Hernaman, Tidi Dhalika, Dedi Rahmat, Sari Suryanah

Field grass is a source of ruminant forage, especially for rural farmers in West Java in different altitudes. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of grass during the dry season including botanical composition analysis and chemical analysis of nutritional value. The study was conducted from September to November 2015 in survey method with multistage sampling. The parameters measured were botanical composition of the forage, biomass production of feed materials on fresh and dry matter, dry matter content, an inorganic matter including calcium and phosphorus, protein, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract. The results concluded for West Java in the dry season that the nutrient content of dry matter and P in lowlands, medium and highland was similar. Crude protein, NFE and TDN at high altitude had higher percentage compared to medium and lowland but crude fiber at high altitude was lower than lowland. Ca at high altitude had higher percentage compared to medium altitude.

102-112

Authors: Buhari Habibu, Nizam Mustapha Ikira, Moses Ibrahim, Hajarah Uwale Buhari, Abdullahi Abdullahi, Muhammed Abdul Ibrahim, Mohammed Umar Kawu

The study was aimed at evaluating the performance indices and physiological changes in pearl guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) supplemented with molasses through drinking water. A total of thirty-two (n=32) day-old pearl guinea fowls raised to 12-week-old were used for the study. The fowls were randomly allocated to two groups (control and experimental) of 16 fowls each, with each having two replicates. Experimental fowls were given 5 mL molasses per liter of drinking water for 8 weeks, while control fowls were given only drinking water. Performance indices which include: feed consumption, water intake and percentage weight gain were measured. Rectal temperature was measured and blood samples were collected to evaluate the changes in haematological parameters, serum triiodo thyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations. Results revealed that the molasses-treated fowls had significantly (P<0.05) higher percentage weight gain, blood total protein, packed cell volume and mean corpuscular volume compared to control. However, the feed consumption was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the molasses-treated fowls compared to control. In both groups, rectal temperature increased significantly (P<0.05) during the afternoon hours and was lower (P<0.05) in molasses-treated fowls than control during the evening hours. There was no significant difference in other haematological parameters, serum glucose,T4 and T3betweengroups.In conclusion, molasses supplementation decreased feed consumption, improved body weight gain and enhanced nutritional status and erythropoiesis in guinea fowls.

118-124

Authors: Krismiwati Muatip, Moch Sugiarto

The objectives of this research were to 1) observe the age, education, farm parents’ cattle ownership, parents’ income, children’s perception and willingness for farming succession, and 2) investigate the relationship between age, education, farm parents’ cattle ownership, parents’ income, children’s perception of and willingness for farming succession. Purposive sampling was used to determine the regional sample in three districts in Banyumas regency with the most dairy cow population and included in the supervised area subject to “Pesat” Milk Cooperative, namely Pekuncen, Cilongok and Baturaden districts. Ninety respondents from 10-30 years old were determined. Result showed that farmers’ children had better education than the parents with average age of 21,67 years old. Average cattle ownership was 1-15 heads per household with Rp 564,167 – Rp 4,523,333 monthly income. Farmers’ children shaped positive perception on dairy farming and had willingness for farming succession. Age was positively correlated with farming perception and willingness of the farmers’ children, while education was negatively correlated.

8-13

Authors: Retno Iswarin, Furiska Fani, Andre Wira Pambudi

Livestock's digestible feed ability is affected by the physical and chemical quality of the feed given. Study on feed processing application on a local goat feed particle size needs to be done for efficiency of feeding patterns. This study aimed to evaluate the best forage particle size on efficiency consumption, palatability and digestibility of the local goat. The experimental method was done with randomized completely block design with 3x2x3 factorial. Goats are grouped by weight, the first factor is the form of feed (fresh, dried) with particle feed size of 3, 5, and > 7 cm as the second factor. The results showed that particle size of > 7 cm gives the optimal feed consumption and palatability. Dry and organic materials digestibility provided the best on the particle size of 3 cm. Forms of dry feed has a positive correlation to consumption, palatability and digestibility of feed. Study recommended dried forage given to the local goats with a particle size of 3 cm is able to provide efficiency in consumption and palatability of the feed with the most excellent digestibility.

22-29

Authors: Nurul Frasiska, Edjeng Suprijatna, Siti Susanti

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of diet containing waste of seaweed Gracilaria sp. on local lipid profiles of duck blood including cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL). The material in this study were 72 female Tegal ducks aged 22 weeks with 1,318 ± 121 g average body weight, diets containing Gracilaria sp. waste (GW) with 18% protein and 2900 kcal/kg metabolic energy and 150 g/ton feed commercial multi-enzyme (ME). Data were subject to Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments, (T0) Basal Diets, (T0+) Basal Diets with ME, (T1) Diets with 10% GW, (T1+) Diets with 10% GW + ME, (T2+) Diets with 12.5 % GW + ME, and (T3+) Diets with 15% GW + ME. The treatment was given for 12 weeks and blood sample was taken on the last week. The serum was separated and analyzed for blood lipid profiles using CHOD-PAP. Results showed that diet with 12.5%GW plus multi-enzyme additives significantly (P<0.05) affected blood lipid profiles of local duck, tended to lower triglycerides and LDL Cholesterol, but increase blood HDL levels.

36-42

Authors: Triana Setiawardani, Winiati Pudji Rahayu, Nurheni Sri Palupi

The purpose of the study is to asses the effect of the use of mono probiotic culture and mixed cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the physicochemical properties and its viability during storage. The soft cheeses were made through three treatments: (1) the use of Lactobacilllus rhamnosus culture, (2) the use of Lactobacillus plantarum culture and (3) the use of mixed cultures (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum). The variables measured were the cheese texture (firmness and stickiness), proximate, pH of the product, and the number of LAB. The results showed that cheese firmness ranged from 10.78 to 47.75 gf, cheeses stickiness was -8.23 to -11.53 gs, cheese pH was 4.70- 5.60; number of cheese LAB was 8.59-9.69 log cfu/g. The content of protein, fat, and ash were 13.65-16.54%, 15.28-20.03%, and 2.7-3.39%, respectively. The conclusion of this study was that the soft cheeses with mixed cultures of L.rhamnosus and L.plantarum are potentially good to be developed as a probiotic food.

51-58

Authors: Rini Widiati, Tri Satya Mastuti Widi

This study was aimed to determine the production systems of beef cattle which can generate the income of smallholder farmers. The study was conducted in Bantul and Sleman Regencies, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. In total of 210 beef cattle farmers were involved in semi structural interview. Data was collected in the dry season (July to September) of 2015. Descriptive analysis was carried out for the demographic, social, economic characteristic of respondents and beef cattle farm practices. Enterprise budgeting of beef cattle farms was made to analyse farm profit, return to management and family labour that could be used in further planning for better business management. Beef cattle farming founded as an alternative that can be developed in rural communities. In order to generate the incomes in both systems, breeding and fattening, production system in term of feeding practices has to be improved so that the cost can be reduced. Scientific processing of manure has to be done for value addition in the farming system. Calving interval has to be improved in breeding system, that the best condition is 12 months and the existing condition on the respondents was 16 months. For fattening, optimizing the duration for fattening period less than 3.6 months is the best improvement. Government policy is needed to improve beef farm economic condition especially in breeding farm.