Animal Production

131-140

Authors: Nafiatul Umami, Ryo Akashi, Takahiro Gondo, Genki Ishigaki, Hidenori Tanaka

The aim of this study was to produce callus induction potential of 4 napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes (Dwarf Late, Hybrid, Merkeron and Wrukwona). Callus was induced from shoot apices of shoot tillers on MS media containing 2.4-D and BAP. On the MS medium containing 2 mg L–1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L–1 BAP all genotypes could produce embryogenic calli, with different rate of growth. The best genotype for producing embryogenic calli was dwarf napiergrass in 60 day culture. These genotypes would be useful for tissue cultured based research and for napiergrass improvement program, particularly in genetic transformation. Culturing shoot apices on MS medium containing 2 mgL–1 2,4-D and 0.5 mgL–1 BAP was more suitable than on MS medium containing 0.5 mgL–1 2,4-D. In the subculture with similar medium composition, proliferation occured poorly on dwarf napiergrass, whereas none happened on the three other genotypes. On the hormon-free medium, all genotypes germinated in different rates. This research pointed out that dwarf napiergrass gave the best response toward induction medium. However, its proliferation and regeneration needed to be optimized in order to obtain more obvious data. This genotype would be useful for tissue culture based research and for napiergrass improvement program, particularly in genetic transformation.

149-156

Authors: Bayu Adhitya Nugraha, Rudi Afnan, Sri Darwati, Tuti Suryati

This study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on stress indicator, carcass compositition, and meat cholesterol content of kampung–broiler crossbred chicken. A total of 90 DOCs of crossbred kampung-broiler (KB) were placed into 9 blocks of housing each with 1x1 m2 in semi closed house that consist of 3 stocking densities 8, 10 and 12 birds m-2 and respectively 3 replicates. The chickens were fed commercial broiler feed. Approximately ± 30% roosters slaughtered for analysis of malondialdehyde, carcass quality, and meat cholesterol. Malondialdehyde, carcass composition, and meat cholesterol was completely randomized designed with different stocking densities treatments and three replicates. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and had previously been tested for requirement of variance test assumption. Data of temperature humidity index (THI) was descriptively explained. The results showed that the effect of different stocking densities on stress indicator reflected by THI value and MDA content, carcass composition (percentage of carcass and abdominal fat weight), and cholesterol level were not significant. The different of stocking densities (8, 10 and 12 birds m-2) did not affect the stress indicators reflected by THI and MDA level, carcass composition and meat cholesterol level. Kampung-broiler crossbred chicken could develop at 8, 10 or 12 birds m-2 densities since the lower of abdominal fat and meat cholesterol were resulted.

165-172

Authors: Emilia Kamung Hambu, Raden Iis Arifiantini, Bambang Purwantara, Sri Darwati

Indonesia has agreat variety of roosters, either indigenous type as well as exotic and cross breed. The purpose of this experiment was to study the characteristics of semen from three types of Indonesian local roosters such as Merawang, Kampung and crosses Sentul Kampung with Kedu (SK Kedu). A total of 15 roosters consist of Merawang roosters, Kampung, and SK Kedu roosters were 5 each. The semen was collected 3 times a week by dorso-abdominal and cloaca massage method. The parameters evaluation was macroscopic characteristics consist of volume, color, consistency, and pH. Microscopic evaluation of semen such as a mass movement, sperm motility, live sperm, sperm abnormality and sperm concentration. Results of this experiment showed that semen volume of Merawang (0.40±0.26 mL) was higher (p<0.05) compare to Kampung (0.24±0.12 mL) or SK Kedu (0.16±0.10 mL) but no difference on semen color, consistency and semen pH. There were no difference in the mass movement, sperm motility and live sperm as well as on sperm abnormality among three types of roosters. Sperm concentration of Merawang (4490 million mL-1) was significantly higher than Kampung (3245 million mL-1) and the SK Kedu roosters (3751 million mL-1). Its was conclude that Merawang roosters had good semen quality better than Kampung and SK Kedu roosters

181-192

Authors: Budi Guntoro, Anang Febri Prasetyo, Endang Sulastri

The purpose of this study to determine the level of participation, identify the factors that influence the participation of farmers and to analysis the effect of participation in the Scholars develop village or Sarjana Membangun Desa (SMD) program. The research was conducted on a group of beef cattle in the SMD program Bantul Yogyakarta Province. Primary data were collected by survey method using questionnaire interviews on 8 SMD groups consisting of 42 members. Analysis of the level of participation of farmers using discriptive analysis, while to analysis factors that affect the participation of farmers and the influence of participation to the success of the program was used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS tools for windows 16. The result analysis shows that farmers level participation in planning, 71.43% farmers had low participation; 59.52% farmers in the implementation stage had participation that was middle level. On stage of evaluation 54.76% farmers had low participation and in stage sharing benefits 50% farmers had low participation. Success of the program SMD viewed from population cattle declined from 184 head to 107 head, while the existing capital in the group also decreased from IDR 2.904.000.000 to IDR 1.182.000.000 seen from number of members group declined from 185 farmers being 114 farmers. Regression analysis showed that age, occupation, level of formal education, non-formal education, long became members of the group, farming experience, family income, number of dependents, land holdings, cosmopolitan, group motivation, the role of SMD, and the role of agency participation of farmers had not been able to explain the participation of farmers and the value of R2 value of 0.132 (13.2%). Partially no factor capable of affecting farmers participation. Further results of the regression analysis with the participation of relationship success SMD program showed no effect with R2 value of 0.01.