Cumbres

17 - 24

Authors: Fabricio Guevara Viejo, Leonidas Pacheco Olea, Fernando Pacheco Olea

Since 2008, the National System of Higher Education (SNES) has undergone a noticeable transitional process. This transition is the result of the implementation of some government policies which seek to achieve an enhancement in university teaching and research practice and their consistency with community involvement. Nevertheless, the outcomes obtained by the end of the 21st century, after an extensive process of institutionalization, forced the government to make the radical decision of applying certain processes of deinstitutionalization and re-institutionalization at the same time. Those processes resulted on a renewed institutional, cognitive, and social reality which finds some resistance in some academic areas as there are both practices and procedures that have been established over time by the inertia of the traditional system. We will explore and analyze some of the most relevant processes of institutionalization, deinstitutionalization, and re-institutionalization within the National System of Higher Education as well as how those processes create a reality which is built upon the expectations of stakeholders and the resignification that the actors involved in Ecuadorian universities give to this reality.

31 - 37

Authors: O. Cabrera, M. Pisonero, M. Rodríguez, R. Pérez, E. González, J. Pedroso, D. García, M. Cuello

Regulatory authorities recommend the use of immunochemical techniques to determine the identity of the antigens present on the conjugate vaccines. With the emergence of multivalent vaccines, it has become necessary to use immunochemical techniques using monoclonal antibodies to increase the sensitivity in the determination. The aim of this study was to establish the analytical conditions that would allow to use the Dot Blot as a technique to determine the identity of capsular polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 (PsC 14) and the tetanus toxoid (TT) used as carrier protein in multivalent conjugate vaccines. The MAb against the PsC 14 and TT were used; besides were used some batchs of monovalent conjugates of PsC 14; batchs of a heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine candidate with TT as carrier protein and batchs of TT, all produced at Finlay Institute of Vaccines. The results showed that for the determination of the antigenic identity were optimal volumes of 10µL of monovalent conjugate samples at a dilution of 1/10 (vol/vol) and equal volume for heptavalent vaccines. For MAb was demonstrated that 2µg/mL concentration of MAb against the PSC 14 and 2.5µg/ mL for MAb against TT were sufficient to successfully perform the determinations; while incubation times were adjusted at 37oC for 30min. The work allows us to conclude that working conditions in the laboratory were established to determine the identity of the capsular polysaccharides of S. pneumoniae serotype 14 and for tetanus toxoid as carrier protein in the heptavalent conjugate vaccines by Dot Blot method.

49 - 55

Authors: Nubia Lisbeth Matute Castro, Gloria Panades Ambrosio, Luis Cruz Viera, Ana Echavarria Velez, Verónica Bravo Bravo

A potentially functional tomato juice of high biological value using turmeric (Curcuma longa) as an antioxidant agent has been designed, evaluated and optimized. The formula of the selected product was prepared on a pilot scale. Based on the sensory analysis and physicochemical tests, the optimum formula with tomato concentrate was found; (18-20 °Brix) 7.5 to 8.3%, refined sugar 2.5%, salt 0.8%, xanthan gum 0.088%, dehydrated turmeric powder (7% humidity) and 0.066 water. The phenol content of the glass packaged product was of 171.4 mg of gallic acid/L, and antioxidant capacity was of 1187,0 µM Fe2+.

29-48

Authors: Bianney Xiomara Cedeño de Sánchez

The nature of the investigation describes the hermeneutics as integrated to knowledge to potentiate the human dimensional component. I took up a stance in a hermeneutics-comprehensive horizon to interpret the teacher’s performance and the meanings he gives to his teaching practice. In addition, I translated an open interview and a participant journal that was applied to the main actors of the investigation. The translation of these sources allowed for their organization in a conceptual network constituted by investigation units, categories, typologies, and integrated concepts to configure a theory elaborated from the interpretation of the teacher training and practice, based on his lived and felt experiences. The results obtained revealed, as one of its main findings, the existence of a sensible thinking in teachers. This thinking is dissociated from a practice and a theory that epistemologically defines knowledge in the teacher formation processes.

59-72

Authors: Lya Sañudo

The educational research aims at understanding the experiences gained within the teaching context and providing educators with a structure of knowledge that is theoretical, dynamic and complex so that, through this, teachers are capable of reporting about the educational phenomenon to society. This work addresses the study of meaning and its construction as a result of reflection and theorization of experiences lived inside the educational context. Thus, it presents phenomenology and hermeneutics as a support for educational research in the processes of description and understanding of situations that are empirically experienced in educational environments. Throughout the work, we address a broad discussion about the meanings: their importance, conceptualization, the construction of discourse for their documentation, and their interpretation through phenomenology and hermeneutics.

101-114

Authors: Petra Lúquez de Camacho, Otilia Fernández de Celayarán

The researcher has to understand that science and its construction are not ethically neutral processes as there are always appraisal commitments in both the research of scientific knowledge and its dissemination. It is, therefore, important to reflect upon the purpose of the sciences when defining its objects of study, methods and activities as conditions for obtaining their interests. The wisdom modes of knowledge are pragmatic, intuitive, emotional, affective, aesthetic, and ethical-moral. In these, the common denominator is the symbolic systems generated of one form or another by people. Such arguments reveal the relevance of the content of this work in light of the ethical need to promote a science of consciousness, responsibility in which various qualitative research methods are committed. Specifically, we propose, through a review of the literature, to present epistemological, conceptual, theoretical, and methodological orientations to the research community interested in the knowledge and application of the Grounded Theory method. We hope that this work serves this research community as a support in designing their projects and the procedural systematization of all their phases; clarifying that, due to the nature of this type of study, no guidance is a rigid and inflexible model. On the contrary, each design is indicative of the creativity and ingenuity of their authors. Therefore, we invite researchers to step into the inviting and committed generating of theory research, from the interactivity and intersubjectivity of the actors involved in a complete experiential introspection praxeology.

135-147

Authors: Yorelis J. Acosta

The changes experienced in Venezuela in recent years have led to protests and collective actions across the country, capturing the attention of researchers in this field, who have mostly addressed this collective action from a theoretical angle. Based on an argumentative review of the main theoretical approaches to the issue, this work aims at identifying common elements of collective action and protests in Venezuela so that, in addition to its usability in the theoretical approach, these elements can serve as a guide in its methodological design. Considering these elements, this article proposes guidelines that will allow a better record of events in order to reduce the gaps found in the data sources of Venezuela. The proposed guidelines have initiated in the review and analysis of news archives about the protests, followed by the collection of testimonies of the people involved, and a description of events that includes details such as the identification of the event, information about protest actors, action, demands, identity, political variables, and the articulation of the incidents and actors.