Population Processes

46-55

Authors: Olga V. Natolochnaya

The article discusses the social policy in the USSR in the postwar period in the field of public health. The importance is given to the custody of invalids and teenagers of the great Patriotic war. In conclusion, the author notes that the government is paid the particular attention to the protection of population’s health, unable in harsh conditions of the postwar period in the short term to provide the population financially. For these purposes, it has been studied and used in practice, the experience of recovery of the population after the First world war and the Civil war. The taken measures were very similar: then and now the primary task was the protection of motherhood and childhood, fighting for infant survival, for strengthening of health of children and adults.

65-71

Authors: Igor I. Shcherbak

The article examines some aspects of demographic problems in the USSR in the period after World War II. The attention is paid to the causes of the demographic imbalance among the different national groups of the Soviet Union. The author notes the traces on both the city and rural age&sex structure transferred to the war and the famine years of losses. Traditionally to the XX century there are effects of intensive migration of young people in the city and, finally, there is the slower development of demographic transition in the village, which is reflected mainly in a higher birth rate even in a pronounced post-war "shortage" of men.

10-14

Authors: Nana M. Berdzenishvili, Georgii A. Dzamunashvili

One of the general laws of the population is its perpetual renewal, a continuous change of generations. Despite the fact that the birth and death of a person is a matter of a biological process, and reflects the natural movement of the population, the unity of these physiological facts can not be separated from the socio-economic and socio-cultural phenomena. Since 1990, against the backdrop of a situation in which many political and economic problems have put the threat of an independent, but very weakened state, it was in doubt the future of social development of its people, which is reflected on the demographic situation of the Georgian population. The negative balance of natural movement is typical for the whole of Kakheti. By 2012, 4931 children born in Kakheti, died 4969, the balance is 38. And by 2013, the figures were as follows: 5015 children born in Kakheti, 4921– died, by which time the balance was 93.

25-33

Authors: Goran Rajović, Jelisavka Bulatović

Problems of regional development and regional disparities according to Dawkins (2003), Boudeville (1966) and Puljiz (2011) indicate that they have been for a long time the focus of research carried out by economists, sociologists, geographers, and scientists from other fields of scientific research. How do the regions grow, why some grow faster than others, why there are regional disparities in the social and economic sphere; these are some of the central issues of regional development theories and regional policies? Literature provides many answers and reflections on key issues and factors of regional development. The paper analyzes the regional problems of the population in Montenegro. In the North region are envisaged largest demographic problems, including peripheral, rural and post-industrial areas in which the population decreases. The territorial dimension of the demographic changes are most evident through the following: regional disparities in the population of the coastel – center-northern; division between urban and rural areas, where most of the urban areas reported growth of population; regional differences around the capital city Podgorica and coastal cities, which have "the effect of attraction," which is associated with greater employment opportunities... In Montenegro, it is necessary to develop a new concept – a comprehensive regional development, which will be based primarily on demographic potentials.