Population Processes

Number 4 (1), 2019

3-11
Legal Provision of Environmental Safety of Burials: Demographic and Sustainable Development Issues

Authors: Olena V. Nedaikhlib

Abstract

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Number of views: 220

Over decades the funeral service industry, cemeteries designs and fashions have changed. Nowadays the death care and sites for burial influenced by intensive management and have naturalistic or eco-friendly flavor. The dominant paradigm of the funeral service industry focuses on very active legal, political and grassroots challenges within the world, particularly promoting new methods of memorialization and disposition. Besides, some state regulation of the funeral industry may limit choice and increase costs for consumers. However the most downside is that cemeteries are environmentally harmful, represent a source of environmental liability due to their potential to accumulate and release large quantities of contaminants generated by decomposition of corpse. We cannot overestimate the importance of making changes in Ukraine. The searching for essentially new legal and organizational forms of the Funeral service industry is the part of those changes. There is an urgent need to reform the legal regulation of funeral services provision, with the focus of environmental safety and UN Sustainable Development Goals. Within the context of European integration, the advancement of the funeral industry reform is closely related to consideration of international standards and EU rules of the death care. The prospects and possible ways of improving the national legal regulation in this area are considered. The author of considered, that modifying the national regulatory act of the Funeral Business associated with international standards in the funerals domain increase environmental safety of burials, deregulation funeral business with creating a healthy competitive environment among economic entities providing funeral services, saving municipal land resources improve the national regulatory framework by adopting a new profile law with the obligatory consolidation of new ecological standards of providing funeral services in accordance to such a Goal of Sustainable Development as the environmental safety.

12-23
Reproductive Human Rights and Approaches to the Demographic Policy: Is a Fair Balance Possible?

Authors: Mariia Plotnikova, Vladyslava M. Zavhorodnia

Abstract

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Number of views: 184

The effective implementation of demographic policy is a prerequisite for ensuring sustainable development of society. The link between demographic processes and economic and social stability, as well as national and global security, is obvious, so all states sooner or later come to the conclusion that it is necessary to influence the processes of population reproduction using various methods. At the same time, the state demographic policy, which is focused either on ensuring population growth or on containing it, may conflict with the wishes of people and their interests in the sphere of realizing their reproductive rights. The attempts to determine a fair balance of these rights, private and public interests are very difficult and require an interdisciplinary approach that combines both legal and ethical, economic, medical, psychological and other aspects. The authors of the article consider the possible ways and directions to find this balance. It is argued that a fair balance should take into account both modern conceptual approaches to human rights, as well as the assessment of the effectiveness of demographic policy measures, their long-term prospects associated with social transformations. The review of the measures of demographic policy used in modern states made it possible to establish the relationship between the content and effectiveness of these measures with human rights in the reproductive sphere. The authors conclude that the achievement of a compromise between the interests of society and the individual should not be based on the priority of the interests of one of the groups, but should be based on their fair balance. At the same time, the priority should be given to demographic policy methods such as economic incentives, expanding opportunities for women to combine motherhood and professional activities, as well as awareness-raising measures that increase the value of motherhood and fatherhood in the public consciousness.