Slavery: Theory and Practice

Number 4 (1), 2019

4-20
Features of the Socio-Legal Status of Slaves in the Feudal Northeast Caucasus from the Perspective of Customary Law and Religious Beliefs

Authors: Elena I. Inozemtseva

Abstract

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Number of views: 225

The author of the article attempts to review the existence of slavery in the late medieval period through the prism of the customary law and fundamental monotheistic religions, to cover forms of disempowerment, moral abuse and material deprivation, which characterize the socio-legal status of one of the categories of dependent population in the feudal Dagestan and adjacent domains of the Northeast Caucasus, carrying the social content of the notion “slave”.

21-29
Modern Slavery in India: the Essence, Forms, Distribution

Authors: Violetta S. Molchanova

Abstract

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Number of views: 436

The article gives an overview of the state of modern slavery in India. It presents its essence, describes the forms, including trafficking of women and children, child labor, organ trafficking. The article discusses the spread and consequences of this phenomenon, describes the use of modern slavery in the production/import of goods. The authors analyze in detail the statistics of crimes committed against registered cases of human trafficking. Separately, the cases of crimes registered under the article "crimes against women" are presented. It is specified that girls and women are the main targets of immoral trafficking in India. The authors of the article note that in terms of modernization, the commercial sexual exploitation of women and children for prostitution has changed. The features of intermediary interactions in the process of smuggling people are revealed. In conclusion, the authors state that the continuing crimes against people in the form of modern slavery have confirmed the need of operating regulation of government agencies, and employment agencies that are involved in the financial exploitation and emotional trauma of victims.

30-35
Runaway Cossacks and Peasants – Slave-Owners in the Northwest Caucasus in the Middle of the XIX century

Authors: Nikita S. Stepanenko

Abstract

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Number of views: 216

The author of the article, based on the documents revealed by him in the state archive of the Krasnodar Territory, cites data on the presence of runaway Cossacks and peasants in the mountains of the Northwest Caucasus in the middle of the 19th century, who, together with the mountaineers, were engaged in the capture and trafficking of people who were the same Russians, like them. The author concludes that many fugitives and deserters (Cossacks and peasants) who owned slaves in the mountains were criminals driven by criminal motives. Moreover, certain circumstances (ethnic, country, religious affiliation and kinship, etc.) were completely not taken into account by them.

36-41
Klychnikov Yu.Yu., Lazaryan S.S. «Nabezhavshimi khishchnikami vzyat v plen…»: Poles in captivity among the highlanders of the North Caucasus. Pyatigorsk: PSU, 2018. 84 p.

Authors: Sergey L. Dudarev

Abstract

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Number of views: 224

A study by professors of the University of Pyatigorsk is devoted to the previously little-studied subject of people of Polish nationality held captive by the mountaineers of the North Caucasus. They were in the hands of the mountaineers due to the fact that as a result of various historical events (the participation of the Poles on the side of Napoleon in his campaign against Russia in 1812 and the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1830−1831 by the tsarist troops) they were in the territory of this region. The authors consider the circumstances of the capture of the Poles by the mountaineers, which allows us to highlight a number of typical situations and causes associated with this. They are partly similar to those in which the highlanders found themselves prisoners of war and deserters of Russian origin (reckless behavior on the way, abduction, desertion, the desire to avoid violence by commanding persons, the desire to fight the Russian army on the side of the highlanders, etc.) Historians also paid attention to the ways of adaptation of captured Poles in the mountain environment, which, above all, among the Circassians, in most cases were in the position of slaves. The peer-reviewed work enriches our ideas about the situation of persons of foreign origin who were in mountain captivity in the first half of the 19th century in the North Caucasus.