Health Risk Analysis

Number 2, 2013

4-13
Safety assessment of the maximum permitted levels of L. monocytogenes in food according to health risk criteria.

Authors: Zaitseva N.V., Shur P.Z., Atiskova N.G., Kiryanov D.A, Kamaltdinov M.R.

Abstract

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Number of views: 369

The data obtained by a comparative risk assessment of listeriosis occurrence due to the consumption of food containing L. monocytogenes at levels which do not exceed the standards adopted by the Custom Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia (CU) and those set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and the European Union for food placed on the market is presented in this work. It was determined that exposure to the levels meeting the CU standards (the absence of L. monocytogenes in a 25g sample of a food product) caused a health risk which did not exceed the acceptable risk level. The adoption of Codex Alimentarius Commission and EU standards (100 CFU/g for products placed on the market) may result in unacceptable risk levels for both the Russian population in general and the most susceptible individuals.

14-26
On the determination and proof of damage to human health due to an unacceptable health risk caused by environmental factors.

Authors: Zaitseva N.V., May I.V., Kleyn S.V.

Abstract

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Number of views: 375

It has been shown that Russian Federation legislation requires health risk assessments when taking civil and criminal liability measures in violations of laws in the fields of health and epidemiological well-being and consumer protection. Current scientific data on cause-and-effect relationships in the “environment and health” system and the implementation of risk assessment methodology in the practice of public health services allow us to develop a sufficient evidentiary base of the harmful impact of environmental factors on human health, particularly when unacceptable risk levels are identified. An algorithm for producing an evidentiary base for health damage, which includes health risk assessment and special bio-medical testing, for health and epidemiological investigations, studies and expert examinations is proposed in this article. The elements of an evidentiary base at both group and individual level are presented.

27-38
Post-vaccination immunity against diphtheria, measles, tetanus and pertussis in children exposed to environmental chemical factors.

Authors: Ustinova O.Yu., Makarova V.G., Dolgikh O.V.

Abstract

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Number of views: 392

An assessment of post-vaccination immunity against diphtheria, measles, tetanus and pertussis in children with increased levels of chemical toxicants, caused by environmental exposure was conducted. It was determined that the levels of post-vaccination antibodies in this group of children were significantly lower than those in children living in environmentally favorable areas and that disorders in the development of post-vaccination immunity were observed 1.5 to 2.4 times more often. A true relationship between a decrease in the levels of specific post-vaccination antibodies and an increase in the levels of lead, chromium, manganese and o-cresol in the blood was identified.

39-44
Determined ecological human health risk factors in single factory towns.

Authors: Boev V.M., Boev M.V., Tulina L.M., Neplokhov A.A.

Abstract

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Number of views: 393

We have undertaken a comprehensive comparative assessment of quantitative relationships between the contribution of environmental anthropogenic factors and the indicators of individual and population carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. This assessment confirms the influence of the major anthropogenic factors on children's health in single factory towns.

45-48
An assessment of the risk associated with behavioral lifestyle factors.

Authors: Buzinov R.V., Unguryanu T.N.

Abstract

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Number of views: 382

The prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption in the urban population of the Arkhangelsk Region was studied in this work and the associated risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was assessed. A total of 697 individuals aged 18 or over participated in the survey. The share of the smoking urban population in the Arkhangelsk region was 37.4 % whereas the percentage of individuals consuming alcohol once a month or more often was 35.5 %. The total risk of the impact of smoking and alcohol consumption for the urban population in the age groups 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 and over, was 7.0×10 -3 , 2.2×10 -2 , 5.2×10 -1 , respectively, and was unacceptable. The main contribution to the overall risk of IHD is smoking (91.5 %).

49-58
Assessing the impact of socio-economic factors on human health and using the results to make management decisions to ensure health and epidemiological well-being of the population (a Sverdlovsk region case study).

Authors: Derstuganova T.M., Velichkovskiy B.T., Gurvich V.B., Varaksin A.N., Malykh O.L., Kochneva N.I., Yarushin S.V.

Abstract

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Number of views: 396

Using factor, typological, correlation and regression analytical methods, we determined statistically significant correlations between the mortality rates among working age Sverdlovsk Region citizens and socio-economic indicators (the standards of living accommodation, healthcare quality, the level of social tension, dependency ratio) as well as comparing the increases in these indicators, taking into account the various time periods. We identified the influence of purchasing power on the mortality rates among working age people and assessed the economic damage to health due to premature death among working age people which is probabilistically associated with the impact of socio-economic factors. We identified the major directions for further work to ensure management decision-making by Russian regional executive authorities, local self-governing bodies and by the institutions of the Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, to ensure health and epidemiological well-being of the population.

57-63
The development of methods for the determination of organic compounds (ethylene oxide, 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile) at reference levels in ambient air.

Authors: Ulanova T.S., Nurislamova T.V.

Abstract

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Number of views: 376

The results of experimental studies on the development of gas chromatographic methods for the determination of 1,3-butadiene and ethylene oxide, acrylonitrile in ambient air at the reference levels – by adsorbing the studied compounds from ambient air onto a Tenax TA sorbent and using optimum thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatographic conditions are presented in this article. The adsorption, thermal desorption and gas chromatographic parameters of the determination of 1,3-butadiene and ethylene oxide, acrylonitrile in ambient air were justified. We have achieved a high sensitivity of the gas chromatographic determination of the studied compounds at the reference levels (mg/m 3 ) was achieved: 1,3-butadiene – 0.002, ethylene oxide – 0.005, acrylonitrile – 0.002 with an error of determination to within 25 %.

64-72
Analysis of the efficiency of management decisions on the prevention of iodine deficiency conditions at the municipal level in the Ulyanovsk region.

Authors: Sukhanov M.A., Dubovitskaya Ye.N.

Abstract

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Number of views: 380

The efficiency of management decisions was evaluated in the case study of the prevention of iodine deficiency conditions in the Ulyanovsk Region.

73-78
Assessing losses related to actual disease incidence in a region's population: an economic aspect (a case study of the Altai region of russia).

Authors: Ushakov A.A., Saldan I.P., Goleva O.I., Karpova T.N.

Abstract

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Number of views: 380

The analysis of the economic losses associated with the actual disease incidence in the region's population by the following classes of diseases "Poisoning by drugs, medicaments and biological substances” (T36-T50) and "Toxic effects of substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source” (T51-T65), which includes an assessment of production losses in the region's economy in value terms and an assessment of changes in cash flows in the RF budgets (tax revenues) is presented in this work. The period of time covered by the analysis by the classes of diseases is 5 years (from 2007 to 2011). The greatest region's gross regional product (GRP) losses related to the actual disease incidence in the population by classes of diseases T36-T50 and T51-T65 GRP over the analyzed time period were seen in 2011.