Health Risk Analysis

4-16

Authors: Zaitseva N.V., Shur P.Z.

An analysis of the methodical support of product safety assessment demonstrated that human health risk criteria are widely used for chemical and microbiological hazardous factors in food products. Furthermore, when developing product risk assessment methodology, it is feasible to utilize the experience of assessment of a risk related to exposure to environmental factors. It is reasonable to supplement the existing methodical approaches to product safety assessment in Customs Union practice with risk evolution assessment, taking into account effects of various severity and with quantitative assessment of individual and population health risks in case of non-compliance with safety requirements.

26-31

Authors: Kreymer M.A., Turbinskiy V.V.

The study investigated the mechanisms of climate's influence on changes in concentrations in ground-level ambient air.It was shown that to evaluate the results of social and environmental health monitoring, it is important to take into consideration factors, which influence health indicators of air quality and the behavior of ambient air constituents, i.e. solubility, changes in their physicochemical properties, chemical reactions and absorption by the biosphere.To model a health risk, one needs to know the constantly circulating air masses, meteorological and orographic conditions of balance disturbance between the constituents'entrance to and leave from the atmosphere. A risk emerges at the combination of meteo parameters leading to an exceedence of critical hazard threshold levels ofa constituent. To calculate the standards for maximum permissible emissions, it is necessary to take into account circulation indices separately for each constituentemitted into the atmosphere.

41-45

Authors: Unguryanu T.N.

Epidemiological analysis of disease incidence in Novodvinsk citizens revealed that in an area with higher levels of ambient air pollution caused by the substances specific to the paper-making industry, the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections (223.2 ‰) and chronic bronchitis (25.9 ‰) in adults and the incidence of acute bronchitis (158.0 ‰) and bronchial asthma (28.8 ‰) in children was 1.2 to 1.6 times higher when compared with those areas of the city which are remote from the paper mill (χ 2 =4.3–70.6, р=0.038–р<0.001). The study determined a high risk of general toxic effects on the respiratory organs in children (HI=5.7–13.6) and in adults (HI=4.5–6.1), which develops mainly due to the chemical substances contained in the emissions from the paper mill.

54-63

Authors: Fetter V.V.

The article presents the findings of an assessment of a health risk, associated with the consumption of food products contaminated with chemical substances, in children and adults in the Belgorod region. The major contaminants and their concentrations in food products were determined. The contributions of the studied contaminants and groups of food products to the levels of exposure were identified. The development of noncarcinogenic effects determined by a combined impact of food contaminants was characterized and the body's organs and systems, which are susceptible to the most significant toxic effects, were determined. The levels of an individual and population risk associated with chemically contaminated food products were calculated.

70-76

Authors: Baydina A.S., Alexeyev V.B., Nosov A.Ye., Shirinkina Ye.A.

The findings of an assessment of the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome in oil-extracting company workers showed that occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons should be considered as a risk factor of cardiovascular pathologies. The incidence of the metabolic syndrome and arterial hypertension in the workers exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons was found to increase by 16% and 13.9%, respectively. In the occupational groups, exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons, individual components of the metabolic syndrome, i.e. hyperuricemia (EF 52.33%) and hyperleptinemia (EF 33.02%), and the metabolic syndrome in general (EF 36.75%) are occupationally induced. The etiological contribution of benzene and toluene to the development of the metabolic syndrome amounted to 4.62%.

82-90

Authors: T.S. Ulanova, Karnazhitskaya T.D., Pshenichnikova Ye.O., Nakhieva E.A.

This paper presents the findings of a study on the development of a method for chloramphenicol determination in meat products using liquid chromatography-mass selective detection (LC/MSD). The study determined optimum conditions for chloramphenicol analysis using an Agilent 1200 liquid chromatograph and an Agilent Technologies 6460 triple quadrupole liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The conditions for an efficient extraction of chloramphenicol from meat samples were investigated. The optimum technique was found to be liquid extraction with ethyl acetate followed by further purification with hexane. The values of recovery were in the range of 70 to 100% in the matrix, depending on the levels of chloramphenicol in the meat products. The metrological characteristics of the developed method were evaluated and the values of the following parameters were calculated: the deviation between the mean value and the actual value, which is the measure of accuracy, did not exceed 26%, reproducibility was at most 10% and repeatability was no more than 5%.The analysis of meat product samples carried out using the developed method found that 17.6% of the samples contained the antibiotic.