Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics.

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Authors: Y. Petlenko, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, A. Ivanov, economist Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine

At this article, we have analyzed and systematized the conditions of holdings' activity to reduce the taxation level in countries and on the territory of special, so-called offshore, jurisdiction. In addition, we have made a suggestionhow to regulatean offshore capital flows inorder to prevent from tax frauds.

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Authors: A. Stavytskyy, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine

Finance for the social sphere remains a great challenge in modern economy. The necessity of adequate living standards under limited resources raises a complicated problem for governments to provide appropriate distributing mechanism among the most vulnerable sections of the population. The paper analysed the concept of absolute basic income, which in some EU countries is considered as a substitution for a modern system of social security. Inequality of incomes creates not only a social problem but it is also an obstacle in the way of economic growth. It leads to the conclusion that government should provide some strategy to avoid high inequality. The model of rational individual with certain basic income is under investigation. The analysis of the model suggests that the presence of additional income not only facilitates more effective involvement of individuals to work, but it is a sort of indisputable factor for guaranteeing freedom of individuals and increasing their mutual respect. Thus, the idea of basic income, which spreads among European countries, has not only economic, but also political and psychological components that may affect the mentality of people in future. It is demonstrated that the transition to a new social security schemes in Ukraine can accumulate from 856 to 1020 bln. UAH in 2015 prices. It can provide guaranteed monthly payments from 1928 to 2297 UAH per capita and from 482 to 574 USD per child without changing the structure of the budget in case of replacement minimum pensions, minimum wages and full monetization of privileges. Obviously, such strategy not only would improve the efficiency of budget spending, but also produce a multiplier effect on the economy by changing and optimizing the consumption patterns of the population, increasing the competition in all markets for a real consumer. It has a chance of reducing the struggle to obtain state funds through tenders. However, the transition to the new system can be implemented only after reforms in health, education, judicial systems, monetization of most privileges.

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Authors: Н. Yamnenko, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor SHEI "Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman", Куіv, Ukraine

The world experience of economic development shows that innovations are the catalyst of modernization and restructuring of the economy, which contributedthe strengthening of the competitiveness, profitability and innovative development of enterprisesand help to conquer new and retain existing markets. The decision of problems of activation of innovative activity of enterprises becomes the main guarantee of providing of success of market reforms. The purpose of this article is to determine of features of intercommunication between innovative activity and competitive advantages of an enterprise. The study identified the competitive advantages related to innovative activity. It is proved that the maintenance of sustainable competition position at the market depends on determination and maintenance of key success factors. It is determined the basic stages of providing of competitiveness of an enterprise through the use of its innovative capabilities. It is shown that only through developing existing and creating new competitive advantages an enterprise will be able to attain the desired state of competitiveness in the modern realities. It has suggested forming an effective competitive strategy through extensive use of innovative decisions on the basis of knowledge for providing of competitiveness of enterprises. The basis to competitive advantages should be considered the process of stimulation innovations.

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Authors: E. Nosova, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine

The changes that were made to the taxation of income of individuals are considered; impact of changes in taxation on the salary to be paid is calculated; has been demonstrated that the personal income taxation in Ukraine has progressive-regressive character; It revealed that the burden on a single hryvnia to pay was dropped; the validity of the application of the tax social benefits is examined; has been revealed that the application of a tax social benefits leads to discrimination against individuals whose income slightly exceeds the cutoff amount for the use of tax incentives; the tax burden on wages and its dynamics are analyzed; enterprise savings by reducing the rate of the single social contribution are defined; the possible increase in wages while maintaining enterprise-level costs is calculated.

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Authors: O. Gamankova, Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, S. Shуmkiv, PhD Student Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine

The paper deals with the peculiarities of financial provision of public and private accident insurance. Analyzes the methodology of forming insurance premium rates in private accident insurance. The study examines the practice of reforming the financial security of the state social insurance against accidents. The results show need to implement scientifically proven approach to determining premium rates in the state social insurance based on mathematical statistics and actuarial calculations to ensure that such conditions on the one hand, can insure the risk, and the other – to provide the insurer the ability to perform insurance obligations' commitments. One of the promising areas of improvement Accident Insurance determines to define increasing the role of the private sector to create and attraction of investments, financing, reduce costs, and provision of insurance services on insurance against accidents at a qualitatively higher level. The results show the need to consider the usefulness of a mixed provision of services to accident insurance under state or non-state system, and the viability and effectiveness of the combination of these systems.