European Journal of Academic Essays

7-14

Authors: Kumar Rajesh, Ansari Nafees Ahmad

The process of globalization has led to discourses on development having different perspectives. One of the major upcoming development discourses puts gender and governance on the forefront of these. In this context, the government of India has amended their laws for fair representation of gender in the local government to ensure good governance. Notwithstanding the fact that constitutional support and legislative measures are necessary for bringing about social change, but this, however, cannot be achieved single-handedly. Constitutional efforts are needed to strengthen and consolidate them for meaningful empowerment. The question is whether an intervention like the constitutional amendment is able to ensure the local governance. Decentralization brings government closer to the people. The existence of local political arenas makes it easier for ordinary citizens to participate and exert influence. When power is brought closer to the citizens, the political process becomes more tangible and transparent and more people can become involved. Decentralization may also create a more open political system in that it implies a division of powers in society. The Village panchayats which formed an integral part of the national life, helped to preserve democratic traditions in social, cultural, economic and political life, survived the onslaughts of centuries of political upheavals and saved Indian society from disintegration

23-26

Authors: Kaoud Hussein A.

Mastitis in dairy animals is a multietiological in nature and causing heavy economic losses worldwide. Over decades, much research has been conducted in the area of udder health. Although a variety of treatment and prevention protocols have been developed over the years, success rates have been variable and a true solution to the problem has not been found. Due to treatment limitations, research focus into the control of bovine mastitis has shifted to alternative therapies. In this paper alternative therapies are reviewed and the potential for their application are discussed.

30-34

Authors: Kamel, Ayman and Sedky, A

We visualized a curvature path as a portion of irregular arc during the motion of particles with velocity v which is comparable to the speed of light c. This is slightly conflicts with the calculations of Lorentz's time dilation and reflects a new considered type of movement for the motion of objects without falling under the influence of other forces but under the impact of the movement of the body itself. We succeed to modify Lorentz's relativistic coefficient ɣ for time dilation in terms of h  b  Kh 2 2 4 formula for obtaining the length of irregular arc, where b and h are their base and height, and K is a constant. The relativistic Lorentz's coefficient ) 2 2 (1 1 c v  becomes ) 2 2 2(1 )] 2 2 )(1 2 (4 2 [ c v c v K K K        . The calculated values of relativistic time t, Lorentz's relativistic coefficient ɣ and path length ℓ for muons are 17.29 µs, 7.92 and 5135.13 m, which are higher than that of Lorentz's (15.574 µs, 7.09 and 4625.48 m). Our results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of spiral path motion and understand a new meaning of speed changing spatially not temporally.

39-41

Authors: Pudasaini, Rameshwor, Thapa, Resham Bahadur

An experiment was conducted to know the foraging behavior of different honeybee species in rapeseed flower under natural conditions in Chitwan, Nepal during 2012-2013. This experiment shows that higher numbers of flowers were visited by Apis cerana F. as compared to Apis mellifera L. and Apis dorsata F. under natural condition at the same time of the day. Apis cerana F. visited 16.5 and 26.0 flowers and Apis mellifera L. visited 12.33 and 21.67 flowers, whereas Apis dorsata F. visited 9.33 and 15.83 flowers at 10:00 am and 2:00 pm of the day respectively. The peak foraging hours for all three bee species were recorded around 12:00 noon to 14:00 pm. Similarly, number per meter square of all three bee species were recorded more at 2:00 pm and least at 10:00 am. Among the three species of honeybees, Apis mellifera L. were recorded more number per meter square at 2:00 pm and 12:00 pm where as Apis cerana F. were recorded more at 10:00 am and 4:00 pm. It shows that Apis cerana F. visited higher number of flowers and was more efficient pollinator as compared to Apis mellifera L. and Apis dorsata F.

52-56

Authors: Sabbour Magda , Maysa E. Moharam

Under laboratory and store conditions fives bacterial cultures were tested against the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae the LC50s recorded 349, 160, 179, 99 and 112 Ug/ml B.T J, B.t 0900, Bt NRRL 2172, BT IP thurizide and Bt HD112; respectively. Application of the bacteria on foam covering gunny bags provided promising oviposition deterrency, toxicity and suppressing S. oryzae infestation, persistence and protecting rice seeds after 120 days during storage which reached to 11.8±1.7 after treated with B.t, BT IP thurizide as compared to 98.8±1.9 in the control During the storage period the percentage of seed infestations at the end of the experiments recorded 30, 24, 22, 1, 2 % in the sacs treated foam with B.T , J B.t 0900, Bt NRRL 2172, BT IP thurizide and Bt HD112 respectively as compared to 88 in the control.