International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research

1-6

Authors: Sabeeha Shafi*, Nahida Tabassum

Eriobotrya japonica locally called as loquat in Kashmir has been studied in various parts of the world but little work has been reported on Kashmiri loquat. The chemical nature of fruits and vegetables offers a great diversity of biological properties and plays an important role in the field of pharmacology. There is a quest for newer drugs with few adverse effects and this poses a challenge for the development of new drugs. The study was undertaken to study the activities of ethanolic extract of Eriobotrya japonica fruits in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The phytochemical screening of the plant was also done. The animals were divided into five groups. Normal Control group received only the vehicle. Toxic group included those animals in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The 3rd group was those animals which received streptozotocin and standard antidiabetic drug-glibenclamide. 4th group included those diabetic animals which received 50 mg/kg b.w dose of fruits of Eriobotrya japonica. 5th group animals included those diabetic animals which received 100 mg/kg b.w of the plant extract. The biochemical parameters that were evaluated were blood glucose levels and lipid profile tests. The body weight was also checked. Histopathology of pancreas was also done. The results showed significant decrease in blood glucose levels, lipid profile tests in animals treated with different doses of the plant extracts. Histopathology of pancreas also showed positive results.

16-21

Authors: N.V.L Suvarchala Reddy V*, M. Ganga Raju, B. Alekhya, C.V.S Subrahmanyam

Diabetic nephropathy has become a leading cause of end stage renal failure worldwide. To develop Complementary and Alternative Medicine for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, the present study investigated the protective effects of methanolic extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis (MEBS) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. In this study, diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats. STZ diabetic rats were treated with oral doses of MEBS (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period body, kidney weight, blood glucose levels, serum and urine parameters were investigated. Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxide levels were determined in the kidney along with histopathological examination of the same. MEBS significantly increased body weight, lowered blood glucose levels and ameliorated kidney hypertrophy index in the STZ-diabetic rats. The extract also decreased the levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, triglycerides, advanced glycation end products and albumin in serum and urine, respectively. MEBS significantly increased the antioxidant parameters in the kidney. Histological evaluation revealed that MEBS treated STZ-diabetic rats demonstrated reduced vacuolar degeneration of tubules; periodic acid Schiff base (PAS) positivity staining intensity in glomeruli and basement membrane thickening. Present findings provide experimental evidence that MEBS has potential antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and anti-glycation activities which might be helpful in slowing the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

31-34

Authors: DH Geetha*, Indhiramuthu Jayashree, M Rajeswari

The present investigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive compounds of ethanolic extract of Elaeocarpus serratus (Elaeocarpaceae) has been subjected to GC-MS analysis. Thirty compounds were detected from the plant E. serratus. The highest peak area percentage of 19.12% was obtained by n-propanol (RT=3.04min.) and lowest peak area percentage of 2.34% was obtained by 1-propylthio-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl acetate (RT=11.57min.). The presence of various bioactive compounds confirms many aliments by traditional practitioners. However, isolation of individual phytochemical constituents may proceed to find a novel drug.

45-50

Authors: Rajkumar Aland1*, M. Ganesan2, P. Rajeswara Rao3

The purpose of this research work was to develop and optimize the Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) of Tazarotene for the effective topical delivery in the treatment of psoriasis. Tazarotene loaded SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization followed by the ultrasonication using Taguchi’s design and based on the results further investigation was made using central composite design. The lipid Dynasan-116, surfactant poloxomer-188 and co surfactant egg lecithin resulted in better percent drug loading and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, TEM, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and stability. All parameters were found to be in an acceptable range. In vitro drug release of optimized SLN formulation (F1) was found to be 98.12 ± 1.52%, whereas pure drug release was 42.12 after 60 min. The optimized formulation was incorporated into the gel. The release rate (flux) of tazarotene across the membrane and excised skin differs significantly. The accumulative amount of Tazarotene in skin from SLN based gel formulation and marketed gel were 41.12 ± 0.12 mg and 30.02 ± 0.04 mg respectively. This result supported our hypothesis made in skin permeation studies on rat skin. From histopathological studies the microscopic observations indicate that the optimized SLN formulation, SLN based gel formulation and marketed gel has no significant effect on the microscopic structure of the skin. The skin-irritation studies indicated that SLN based gel containing Tazarotene did not show any sign of skin irritation as compared to moderate erythema shown by marketed gel formulation (Tazret® gel) after 72 h of application. Thus, SLN based gel formulation demonstrated advantage over marketed formulation in improving the skin tolerability of Tazarotene indicating their potential in improving patient acceptance and topical delivery of Tazarotene.