International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research

7-11

Authors: Nandhakumar Jothivel1*, Sabitha V P1, Sharon Jacob1, S Sonapreethi1, Teres Siby1, Priya Visuvasam2, Senthil selvi R1, Rajarajan S1, Suthanth T1, Balamurugan S1, V Ganesan1

Early diagnosis of sepsis in a neonate is often difficult because symptoms and signs are usually non-specific. A study was conducted to evaluate C-reactive protein (CRP) as a screening tool and the effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment of neonatal sepsis. This retrospective study was conducted at NICU, Government District Headquarters Hospital, Tiruppur from December 2016 to June 2017, on total of 120 neonatal sepsis patients. Patients of Group I received Ampicillin + Gentamicin, Group II received Ampicillin + Gentamicin followed by Cefotaxime + Amikacin, Group III received Cefotaxime + Amikacin, Group IV received Ampicillin + Gentamicin followed by Piptaz followed by Amikacin + Ciprofloxacin and Group V received, Ampicillin + Gentamicin followed by Piptaz then by Amikacin + Meropenem and then by Ciprofloxacin. Chi-square test two side p-value & ONE WAY ANOVA followed by Tukey-Krammer Multiple Comparison Test is used for statistical analysis. Among study subjects, 18 (15%) and 102 (85%) had negative and positive CRP respectively. According to blood culture studies, 15 cases were culture positive, with the following organisms, Klebsiella pneumoniae (53.33%), Escherichia coli (20%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%) and Proteus marbilis (6.66%). Group II is an appropriate choice for empirical therapy of neonatal sepsis and was 46.96% of 66 patients. Group I, which is considered as First Line treatment was 33.33% of 66 patients.

20-26

Authors: Mukund Handral1*, Manjunath PM2

The work was aimed to study the effect of photooxidized Vespa orientalis venom on memory and learning activity on rats in presence of scopolamine and ondansetron using T maze, Elevated plus maze and passive avoidance. UV radiation exposure of Vespa orientalis venom (VOV) for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min intervals in presence to methylene blue to detoxify venom and studied by change in UV spectrum. Antigenicity study and in in-vivo and in-vitro neutralization study of Photooxidized Vespa orientalis venom (PVOV) against immunoglobulin from hyperimmunized rabbit was performed. The memory and learning activity of PVOV in presence and absence of scopolamine and ondansetron was studied. Forty five minute UV Radiation exposed VOV showed shift in λmax and increase absorbance indicated alternations in venom protein concentration, this in supported when PVOV showed loss of toxicity and decrease in mortality time in neutralization study in mice. Administration of PVOV for 28 days produced a notable improvement in spatial and long memory in rats when subjected in several tasks. When PVOV administered with scopolamine and ondansetron, all the parameters of spatial and long term memory tasks were significantly reduced inferred that PVOV acted by modulating either muscarinic or serotonergic receptors. However, other possibility of low-molecular weight protein and peptides or enzymes, which might also act by serotonergic / cholinergic system that affect CNS action. We concluded that although there is a possibility of employing PVOV in the treatment of depressive and chronic degenerative illnesses as a nonherbal and nonsynthetic alternative for patients not responding to the available therapy.

31-38

Authors: Srivani1, Y. Anand Kumar1, N. G. Raghavendra Rao2*

Rilpivirine having lowest water solubility indicates class II drugs of BCS. These classes of drugs could potentially exhibit dissolution rate limited absorption. The objective of the present study is to improve the solubility and dissolution of Rilpivirine through inclusion complexation with βCD and HPβCD. Solid binary systems of Rilpivirine with βCD and HPβCD were prepared by solvent evaporation and kneading methods at 1:1 and 1:2 M ratios. The prepared solid binary systems were studied in solution state by phase solubility, in vitro dissolution rate and solid state by FTIR and XRD. The dissolution parameters were studied by using dissolution software PCP Disso V3. The drug content was uniform in all the solid binary systems with low SD and CV values. The apparent stability constant indicates there is a 1:1 stochiometric complex with βCD and HPβCD. The formation of inclusion complexes with βCD and HPβCD in the solid state were confirmed by FTIR, XRD. The dissolution data clearly suggest drug release was method dependent and type of cyclodextrin. The dissolution of solid binary systems obeyed first-order kinetics and model fitted with Hixon crowel. A true inclusion complex of Rilpivirine was observed with βCD and HPβCD. Dissolution properties of solid binary systems were superior then rilpivirine alone and its corresponding physical mixtures. Overall dissolution rate was solvent evaporation > kneaded binary systems > physical mixture > pure drug. One-way ANOVA results suggest the DE30 and DE60 values were significantly higher (P<0.05) in solid binary systems when compared to physical mixture and pure drug.

46-50

Authors: T. S. Abdul Haseeb, T. Rama Mohan Reddy*

The present study is aimed to investigate the safety and reliability of anti diabetic drug Metformin and possible drug interaction with Pravastatin when they were administered as combination treatment. The study was conducted on healthy Wistar and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. A simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Metformin and Pravastatin in rat plasma and also to estimate possible pharmacokinetic parameters of these drugs after oral administration. There was no significant difference in the tmax of Metformin alone and combination with Pravastatin on day 1 and day 8 respectively. These were no significant increase in both AUC (0 – 24 h) and AUC (0 - ) of Metformin alone and combination of Pravastatin on day 1 and day 8 respectively. Similarly there was no significant enhancement in the Cmax between Metformin alone and combination with Pravastatin on day 1 and day 8 respectively. There is however no significant difference in Cmax, t½, values. Similarly there was no significant difference in the tmax of Pravastatin alone and combination with Metformin on day 1 and day 8 respectively and no significant enhancement in Cmax, tmax, t1/2, values between Pravastatin alone and combination with Metformin on day 1 and day 8 respectively. In the present study, based on the results it can be concluded that the concurrent administration of these two drugs have potential benefit in the treatment of Diabetes and hyperlipidemia. In addition, due to their insignificant pharmacokinetic interaction the combinational therapy can be safe and highly advantageous in hyperlipidemia patients with diabetes.