Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine

594-601

Authors: Carlos Granados-Echegoyen, Rafael Pérez-Pacheco, Marcos Soto-Hernández, Jaime Ruiz-Vega, Luicita Lagunez-Rivera, Nancy Alonso-Hernandez, Rene Gato-Armas

Objective To determine larvicidal activity of the essential oil, hydrolat and botanical extracts derived from leaves of Pseudocalymma alliaceum on mosquito larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Methods Groups of twenty larvae were used in the larvicidal assays. The mortality, relative growth rate, the larval and pupal duration and viability was estimated. The essential oil was analyzed by solid phase microextraction using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Results Essential oil at 800 ppm showed larvicidal activity at 24 h with lethal values of LC50 and LC90 of 267.33 and 493.63 ppm. The hydrolat at 20% and 10% on 2nd stage larvae showed 100% effectiveness after 24 h. The aqueous extract at 10% had a relative growth index of 0.58, while the ethanolic and methanolic extract obtained values of 0.76 and 0.70 and control reached 0.99. Larvae treated with 10% of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extract showed a reduction in larval duration of 5.00, 2.20 and 4.35 days; ethanol extract at 1% provoke decrease of 2.40 days in the development and exhibited an increment of 3.30 days when treated with 0.01%. Aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts at 10% reduced in 6.15, 3.42 and 5.57 days pupal development. The main compounds were diallyl disulfide (50.05%), diallyl sulfide (11.77%) and trisulfide di-2-propenyl (10.37%). Conclusions The study demonstrated for the first time, the larvicidal activity of the essential oil and hydrolat of Pseudocalymma alliaceum; aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts inhibited the normal growth and development of mosquito larvae, prolonging and delaying larval and pupal duration.

606-611

Authors: Monia Deghrigue, Carmen Festa, Lotfi Ghribi, Maria Valeria D'Auria, Simona De Marino, Hichem Ben Jannet, Abderrahman Bouraoui

Objective To explore anti-inflammatory activities of organic extract and its semi-purified fractions (ethanol, acetone, methanol/dichloromethane) from the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis. Methods The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated, using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and the acetic acid writhing test in mice. The gastroprotective activity was determined using HCl/EtOH induced gastric ulcers in rats. The purification and structure elucidation of compound(s) from the more effective fraction were determined by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and in comparison with data reported in the literature. Results The fraction F–EtOH showed an important anti-inflammatory activity associated with significant analgesic and gastroprotective properties. The purification and structure elucidation of compound(s) from this fraction lead to the identification of one diterpenoid and four sterols. Conclusions These results suggested that components from the active fraction can be used to treat various anti-inflammatory diseases.

620-624

Authors: LC Adiele, RC Adiele, JC Enye

Objective To investigate the wound healing property of Napoleona vogelii leaf extract in folkloric medicine. Methods Both sexes of adult albino rats (n=25) were used in this study and another group (n=30) were subjected to acute toxicity test (LD50) of the plant extract. For the LD50, three randomized groups of 5 rats were first treated with 10, 100, 1 000 mg/kg body weight (bw), orally. This was followed by a second treatment of 1500, 3000, and 5 000 mg/kg bw of the leaf extract with continual monitoring of the animals for mortality or non-mortality. Incision wounds (1.5 cm) were created on the skin of five groups of 5 rats using surgical blade under anesthesia. The first group was topically treated with petroleum jelly alone, group 2 was topically applied 400 mg/mL w/v of the reference drug, Neobacin, while group 3–5 were topically treated with 5–50 mg/mL w/v of the plant extract, respectively. Results The percentage yield of the extract was 49.80% w/w dry matter. The phytochemical analysis revealed several bioactive constituents including glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, perpenoids, saponins, steroids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The LD50 was beyond our experimental limit and was not determined. Increased concentrations (5, 20, and 50 mg/mL w/v) of the extract had significant (ANOVA, P<0.05) healing effect on the incision wounds giving rise to 125%–140% while treatment with Neobacin resulted in 150% healing effect on the third treatment regimen compared to the control (100%). Conclusions These data indicate that Napoleona vogelii leaf extract contains potent bioactive compounds containing wound healing activity, substantiating its use as a wound healer in folkloric medicine.

630-638

Authors: Quan-Peng Zhang, Hai-Ying Zhang, Xian-Fang Zhang, Jiu-Hong Zhao, Zhi-Jian Ma, Dan Zhao, Xi-Nan Yi

Objective To explore effect of srGAP3 promotes neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Methods In this study, expression of Slit1 was observed predominantly in the glia, while expression of Robo2 and srGAP3 was detected in sensory neurons of postnatal rat cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Furthermore, upregulation of srGAP3 following sciatic nerve transection was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results It was observed that inhibition of neurite outgrowth in cultured adult DRG neurons following treatment with anti-srGAP3 or anti-Robo2 was more effectively (1.5-fold higher) than that following treatment with an anti-BDNF positive control antibody. It demonstrated that srGAP3 interacted with Robo2 and Slit1 protein to decrease Rac1-GTP activity in cultured adult rat DRG neurons and the opposite effect on Rac1-GTP activity was detected by co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting analyses following treatment with anti-Robo2 or anti-srGAP3. These data demonstrated a role for srGAP3 in neurite outgrowth of DRG sensory neurons. Conclusions Our observations suggest that srGAP3 promotes neurite outgrowth and filopodial growth cones by interacting with Robo2 to inactivate Rac1 in mammalian DRG neurons.

645-649

Authors: Yi-Gang Yin, Ru-Zhu Wang, Zhong-Bao Ruan, Li Zhu

Objective To study the effects of phentolamine on myocardial extracellular matrix of cardiac remodeling induced by norepinephrine in rats. Methods 24 SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: control groups, norepinephrine groups (model groups), norepinephrine +phentolamine groups (treatment groups). Echocardiography was used to detect changes in cardiac structure and function, the level of collagen volume fraction (CVF) and hydroxyproline as well as collagen content were determined in myocardial tissue, matrix metalloproteinases-2 and collagen I in myocardial tissue were localized by immunohistochemitry. Results Compared with control groups, left ventricular hypertrophy in the model group rats, the hydroxyproline content and CVF was significantly higher (P<0.01), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and collagen I protein expression was significantly increased (P<0.01). Phentolamine significantly improved cardiac hypertrophy in treatment group rats, reduced hydroxyproline, CVF, matrix metalloproteinase 2 and collagen I protein expression (P<0.05). Conclusions Phentolamine can effectively reduce the incidence of myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial extracellular matrix remodeling in SD rats, and it can ease myocardial extracellular matrix of cardiac remodeling. It may be associated with reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and collagen I in myocardial tissue remodeling.

655-658

Authors: Yan Jiang, Wei-Cai Fu, Lin Zhang

Objective To explore mechanism of nduction of fibroblast to corneal endothelial cell. Methods Rabbit conjunctiva fibroblasts were used as feeder cells, rabbit oral mucosa epithelial cells were used as seed cells, and human denuded amniotic membrane was used as carrier to establish tissue engineering corneal endothelium. The transformation effect was observed. Results As concentration of mitomycin C increased, cell survival rate gradually decreased, cell proliferation was obviously inhibited when concentration≥25 μg/mL; 5 days after being treated by 5 μg/mL mitomycin C, cell body was enlarged and extended without cell fusion, however after being treated by 0.5 μg/mL mitomycin C, cell body was significantly proliferated and gradually fused; after 3 weeks of culture, stratified epithelium appeared on rabbit oral mucosa epithelial cells, differentiation layers were 4–5 and were well differentiated, the morphology was similar to corneal endothelial cells; Under electron microscope, surface layer of cells were polygonal, tightly connected to another with microvilli on the border, there was hemidesmosome between basal cells and human denuded amniotic membrane. Conclusions Fibroblast cells have the potential of multi-directional differentiation, effective induction can promote emergence of intercellular desmosomes between seed cells and emergence of epithelial surface microvilli, and differentiate to the corneal endothelial cell. However, clinical application still needs more research and safety evaluation.

663-667

Authors: Shu-Wei Li, Yi Ling, Song Jin, Ye-Fei Lin, Ze-Jun Chen, Chun-Xia Hu, Ming-Hua Wang, Mao-Zhong Yao

Objective To investigate the expression of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PLGF) in the fetal growth restriction (FGR) cases and the intervention mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine. Methods A total of 60 fetal growth restriction cases that admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into ligustrazine intervention group (group A) and nutritional support group (group B). A total of 50 healthy pregnant women were also enrolled as control group (group C). Expression level of maternal serum sFlt1, PLGF and fetal growth parameters including HC, AC, FL, BPD, EFW as well as placenta PLGF, sFlt-1 mRNA expression were recorded and compared among the three groups. A total of 15 SD rats were selected and were divided into three groups, TMP group, alcohol and tobacco group and blank control group. Three groups of rats were dissected on the twentieth day of gestation. Results Expression level of sFlt-1 and PLGF in group A was not significantly different from that of group C (P>0.05); but significant difference in SFlt1 and PLGF expression level was observed between group C and group B (P<0.05). Before treatment, HC, AC, FL, BPD and EFW of group A and group B were significant lower than those of group C, but after treatment, those parameters in group A were significantly improved (P<0.05). In the animal experiment there was no significant difference in sFlt-1 between treatment group and FGR group without treatment or control group (P>0.05). There was significant difference in PLGF between FGR group with treatment and FGR group without treatment or control group (P<0.01). Conclusions PLGF level is decreased and sFlt-1 increased in patients suffered from fetal growth restriction, and FGR rats show increased sFlt-1 and decreased PLGF, thus they can be indicator of the fetal growth restriction. Ligustrazine can effectively improve sFlt-1, PLGF expression level in fetal growth restriction cases, which can be used as treatment for FGR.

671-672

Authors: Livius Tirnea, Radu Minciu, Tudor Rares Olariu, Victor Dumitrascu, Adriana Maria Neghina, Raul Neghina

Hydatid cyst of a solitary congenital kidney is a rare entity because of the small percentage of cases with renal hydatidosis and the reduced number of cases with this renal anomaly. We report a case presenting this extremely rare combination and having a favorable outcome. The diagnosis was confirmed based on an association of imagistic techniques and positive serology. The case was managed using a minimal invasive surgical technique (PAIR) that reduced the operative risks. Additionally, an antihelminthic agent (albendazole) was administered. To our knowledge, this is the first case with such comorbidity and treated through percutaneous approach.

525-530

Authors: Alamneh Abera, Endalkachew Nibret

Objective To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes and associated risk factors among schoolchildren in Tilili town, northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 385 schoolchildren was conducted between November 2011 to February 2012. Each student was selected using systematic random sampling method. Questionnaire and observation were used to identify socio-demographic and associated risk factors. Fresh stool samples were observed using formal-ether concentration technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software. Results Four species of intestinal helminthes were identified with an overall prevalence of 44.2% (170 of 385 schoolchildren). The predominant parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) 153 (39.7%) and Trichuris trichiura (T. trichiura) 30 (7.8%). One hundred thirty five (35.1%) had single infections and 35 (9.2%) were infected with more than one helminthic parasites in which 32 (8.4%) were double infections and 3 (0.8%) were triple infections. Significant associations were observed between intestinal helminth infection and those of age, grade level, and school variables. Prevalence of hookworm infection was significant in children who did not wear shoes regularly (P<0.05). Conclusions Intervention programs and education on personal and environmental hygiene should be implemented for the prevention and control of helminthic infections in the study area.

536-544

Authors: Ademola Ayeleso, Nicole Brooks, Oluwafemi Oguntibeju

Objective To investigate the role of red palm oil (RPO), rooibos tea extract (RTE) and their combined treatment (RPO + RTE) on antioxidant status in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and the rats were treated for 7 weeks. Antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)], antioxidant capacity [trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)] as well as total protein, albumin, globulin, total glutathione, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were investigated. Results Treatment with RPO, RTE and RPO + RTE significantly (p>0.05) improved liver SOD and plasma ORAC in the diabetic rats. Similarly, diabetic rats treated with RTE and RPO + RTE enhanced liver GPx. A significant (P<0.05) increase in the plasma TBARS in the diabetic control group was observed when compared with the normal control group. Treatment of diabetic rats with RTE and RPO + RTE reduced plasma TBARS to a level not significantly different at P<0.05 from the normal control group. Conclusions The results revealed the anti-oxidative potentials of red palm oil, rooibos and their combination in diabetic conditions and hence, they could be useful in the management of diabetes and its complications.

552-556

Authors: Xin Liu, Qiu-Ran Xu, Wan-Fu Xie, Mao-De Wang

Objective To explore the suppressing effect of γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT on proliferation of human glioma cell line SHG-44 in vitro and its mechanism. Methods The SHG-44 cell was treated by DAPT with different concentration. The proliferation of cells was detected by MTT assay; cell cycle and TSC of CD133+ were determined by flow cytometry analysis technique; the key factor in Notch signaling pathway (Notch-1, Delta-1, Hes-1) was measured by reverse transcrip tase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results DAPT inhibited the growth and proliferation of SHG-44 cells significantly(P<0.05). And the inhibiting effect on SHG-44 cells produced by DAPT showed a dose-dependent manner. DAPT increased the rate of cells in G0/G1 phase of SHG-44 cells, while it decreased the rate of cells in S phase. TSC of CD133+ was significantly reduced after DAPT treated SHG-44 cells. The expression of protein and mRNA of Notch-1, Delta-1 and Hes-1 were gradually downregulated with the increase of DAPT doses. Conclusions DAPT can downregulate these key factor in Notch signaling pathway, reduce the TSC of CD133+ and inhibit the proliferation of SHG-44 cells.

562-567

Authors: Qing-Zhong Zhou, Ge Zhang, Hai-Bo Long, Fei Lei, Fei Ye, Xu-Feng Jia, Yun-Long Zhou, Jian-Ping Kang, Da-Xiong Feng

Objective To investigate the effect of the spinal cord extracts (SCE) after spinal cord injuries (SCIs) on the proliferation of rat embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and the expressions of mRNA of Notch1 as well as of Hes1 in this process in vitro. Methods The experiment was conducted in 4 different mediums: NSCs+PBS (Group A-blank control group), NSCs+SCE with healthy SD rats (Group B-normal control group), NSCs+SCE with SD rats receiving sham-operation treatment (Group C-sham-operation group) and NSCs+ SCE with SCIs rats (Group D-paraplegic group). Proliferative abilities of 4 different groups were analyzed by MTT chromatometry after co-culture for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 d, respectively. The expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA were also detected with RT-PCR after co-culture for 24 and 48 h, respectively. Results After co-culture for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 d respectively, the MTT values of group D were significantly higher than those of group A, group B and group C (P<0.05). However, there were no significantly differences regarding MTT values between group A, group B and group C after co-culture for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 d, respectively (P>0.05). Both the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA of group D were significantly higher than those of other 3 groups after co-culture for 24 h and 48 h as well (P<0.05). But there was no difference oin expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA among group A, group B and group C after co-culture for 24 h and 48 h (P>0.05). There was no difference in expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA between 24 h and 48 h treatment in group D. Conclusions SCE could promote the proliferation of NSCs. It is demonstrated that the microenvironment of SCI may promote the proliferation of NSCs. Besides, SCE could increase the expression of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA of NSC. It can be concluded that the Notch signaling pathway activation is one of the mechanisms that locally injured microenvironment contributes to the proliferation of ENSC after SCIs. This process may be performed by up-regulating the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 gene.

576-581

Authors: Zhen-Chang Wang, Shan Yang, Jing-Jing Huang, Song-Lin Chen, Quan-Qiang Li, Yuan Li

Objective To observe the effect of Rougan Huaqian granules combined with human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) transplantation on the liver fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis rats. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups. The rats in control group received intraperitoneal injection of saline, while those in model control group, treatment group A, group B and group C received intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride oily solution to induce liver cirrhosis within 8 weeks. Then, the rats in the model control group, treatment group A, treatment group B, treatment group C received vein tail injection of saline, Rougan Huaqian granules, hMSC suspension and Rougan Huaqian granules combined with hMSC suspension. Results The treatment groups had significantly different liver function (AST levels), liver fibrosis index (laminin and HA), hepatic sinusoidal wallsα-smooth muscle actin, IV collagen and laminin protein expression and I, III collagen from the model group (P<0.05). The transplanted cells showed human hepatocyte-like cells differentiation trend in the liver. Conclusions The Rougan Huaqian granules combined with hMSC transplantation can alleviate liver fibrosis in cirrhosis rats.

585-588

Authors: De-Hui Zhang, Liang-Yu Zhang, Dong-Jie Liu, Fang Yang, Jin-Zao Zhao

Objective To observe the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) in the oncogenesis of lung cancer in rats and to explore their clinical value. Methods A total of 140 rats were selected, of which 20 were selected randomly as the control group; and the remaining 120 as the observation group. The observation group was injected with benzopyrene to establish diseases model such as tissue proliferation, abnormal proliferation and lung cancer. Detected the MMP-9 levels of lung tissue by enzyme-linked assay, detected the MDM2 levels of lung tissue by immunochcmistry assay. Results The MMP-9 and MDM2 expression of the lung cancer group and the abnormal proliferation group were significantly higher than that in the tissue proliferation group and the control group, the difference was significant (P<0.05). And the MDM2 expression of the tissue proliferation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the difference was significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the MMP-9 expression between the tissue proliferation group and the control group (P>0.05). The MDM2 and MMP-9 expression were increased in turn in the small cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The MMP-9 and MDM2 expressions of stage III and stage IV lung cancer tissue in rats were significant higher than that during stage I and stage II, the difference was significant (P<0.05). There was no significantly different in the MMP-9 and MDM2 expressions between stage III and stage IV(P>0.05), and there is no significant difference of the MMP-9 and MDM2 expressions between stage I and stage II(P>0.05). Conclusions The expression of MMP-9 and MDM2 in lung tissue was associated with lung disease and lung cancer, both of them may be involved in the development and metastasis of lung cancer. Combined detection can be used as therapy and prognostic indicators for lung cancer.

429-437

Authors: Tian-Ning Li, Yan Li

This paper reviews the existing depth of anaesthesia (DoA) monitors and their algorithms and also proposes to improve their performance from four aspects. An ideal DoA monitor should be able to suggest a personalised drug dosages, to predict and provide early warnings when dosages are inappropriate, to be portable and highly cost-effective. The limitations of the existing DoA monitors commonly include unsatisfied data filtering techniques, time delay for the monitoring responses, and inflexible and low noise immunity problems. The latest research results show that their performance can be improved using up-to-date computing technology and neurophysiology. The findings in Chinese market review show that neither the imported nor the Chinese domestic DoA monitors are widely utilised at hospitals, but the demand for DoA monitors is very high. Clearly there is a high demand which encourages the development of a better DoA monitor and its mass production in China.

446-450

Authors: Thapana Chontananarth, Chalobol Wongsawad, Siriwadee Chomdej, Duangduen Krailas, Jong Yil Chai

Objective To analyze a phylogenetic tree for understanding the molecular systematic of trematode in Family Heterophyidae, which are highly distributed in Thailand. Methods Based on thirteen sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mCOI) gene from six genera of heterophyid trematodes, viz. Haplorchis, Stellantchasmus, Centrocestus, Metagonimus, Pygidopsis, and Haplorchoides were aligned automatically using the Clustal × 2.0 program. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by maximum likeinghood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods, with 1 000 bootstrap using the 5.0 program. Results The phylogenetic relationship from both methods was similar and separated into three groups consisting of Haplorchoides pumilio group, Haplorchoides taichui group and another heterophyid genera. Conclusions The sequence data of mtCOI can be used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of trematodes at the genus level. Each clade of different genera of heterophyid trematodes can be separated into sister groups that correlated with the morphological characteristic, kind of secondary intermediate host and geographic distribution.

456-461

Authors: Sasitorn Chusri, Thanyaluck Siriyong, Pinanong Na-Phatthalung, Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai

Objective To investigate the efficacy of 17 ethnomedicinal plants belonging to Apocynaceae family used in combination with 16 conventional antibiotics against non-multidrug resistant-, multidrug resistant (MDR)-, and extensive drug resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). Methods Antibacterial activity and resistance modifying ability of 272 combinations were determined by growth inhibition assays and further confirmed by time-kill assay. Results Among the combinations of the antibiotics with Apocynaceae ethanol extracts on this pathogen, 15 (5%) had synergistic effects, 23 (8%) had partial synergistic effects and 234 (86%) had no effects. Synergistic activity was observed mostly when the Apocynaceae extracts were combined with rifampicin or cefazolin. Interestingly, 10 out of 17 combinations between the extracts and rifampicin displayed synergistic or partial synergistic behaviors. Holarrhena antidysenterica extract was additionally tested to restore rifampicin activity against clinical isolates of MDR and XDR A. baumannii. With respect to total or partial synergy, 70% was XDR A. baumannii isolates and 66% was MDR A. baumannii isolates. Conclusions Holarrhena antidysenterica extract clearly demonstrated the ability to restore rifampicin activity against both A. baumannii ATCC19606 and clinically isolated A. baumannii. Additional studies examining its active principles as well as mechanisms of actions such as the effects on efflux pumps and outer membrane permeability alterations are recommended.

468-472

Authors: Xu Zhao, Yu Wang, Jian-Jun Gao, Jia-Jun Yin

Objective To explore inhibition effects of veliparib as PARP inhibitor combined doxorubicin for BEL-7404 proliferation of human liver cancer cell line. Methods BEL-7404 was taken as the object of study and conventional culture was performed. It wastreated by doxorubicin and (or) veliparib after 24 h. Cell proliferation rate was detected by four methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, cell apoptosis was measured with annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method by flow cytometry, DNA damage degree evaluation by single cell gel electrophoresis assay, and cytosolic C levels of the mitochondrial and cytosol by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Western blotting). Results Cell proliferation rate of doxorubicin combined veliparib group was lower than that of the control group and doxorubicin alone treated group significantly (P<0.01), the apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that of the control group and doxorubicin alone treated group (P<0.05). At the same time, DNA damage level of doxorubicin combined with veliparib group was significantly higher than doxorubicin alone treatment group and the control group (P<0.01), and cytochrome C in the cytosol was significantly higher than that of control group and doxorubicin alone treated group (P<0.01). Conclusions Veliparib, PARP inhibitor could inhibit PARP activity, block tumor cell DNA repair, and have significant sensitizing effect for hepatocellular carcinoma cell line BEL-7404 treated with doxorubicin. This might provide a new target for clinical treatment of hepatic carcinoma.

478-482

Authors: Ting Li, Xiao-Jian Zhang, Jun Li, Quan-Cheng Kan

Objective To discuss effect of FK506 nanospheres used at different time on the regeneration of allogeneic nerve after transplant. Methods Single emulsion-solvent evaporation method (O/W) was adopted to prepare the FK506 nanospheres and the tibial nerve of rats after allogeneic transplantation. FK506 nanospheres were used in group A after operation immediately, in group B in 24 h after operation, and in group C in 3 d after operation while FK506 nanospheres were not used in group D; in the 4th, 8th and 12th week after operation respectively, general observation of transplanted nerves, histological examination, image analysis of myelinated fibers, wet-weight determination of musculi triceps surae, retrogradely labeling of neurons by the fluorescein and electrophysiological comparison of bilateral tibial nerve were carried out. Results FK506 nanospheres can be degraded and absorbed quickly. The neural regenerations in group A and B were similar, which were both much better than those in group C and D. The difference was statistically significant and so was the difference between group C and D. Conclusions Drug release rate of FK506 nanospheres is accordant with the regeneration law of damaged nerves and the local application can promote the regenerations of nerves. The effect would be better if the drug is used in earlier period (within 24 h).

488-491

Authors: Hong-Hai Zhu, Xiao-Yuan Zhu, Ming-Hui Zhou, Gen-Yang Cheng, Wei-Hua Lou

Objective To investigate the correlation between nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell WNT5A and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt)/metastasis, and investigate its possible mechanisms. Methods RT-PCR and gene transfection were used to detect the expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell strains WNT5A and EMT related factor 5–8F. Transient transfection of NPC cell line 5–8F was determined by liposome of plasmid with WNT5A gene. The differential expressions of WNT5A and EMT-related factors in cells before and after transfection were detected by RT-PCR. Cell scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the motility abilities of cells before and after 5–8F transfection. Results The expressions of WNT5A and EMT related factors matrix metalloproteinase-2 of the WNT5A transferred group in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5–8F were higher than the blank control group and the empty vector transferred group, and the transfer ability of the WNT5A transferred group was higher than that in the blank control group and the empty vector transferred group, while the expressions of EMT related factors E-cadherin were lower than that in the blank control group and the empty vector transferred group, and the transfer ability of the WNT5A transferred group was higher than that in the blank control group and the empty vector transferred group. Conclusions In nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, WNT5A can regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and affect the ability of tumor invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

496-500

Authors: Hong Jiang, Juan-Juan Lei, Yi-He Zhang

To explore protective effect of topiramate (TPM) on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Methods A total of 360 neonatal rats were selected then randomly divided into sham operation group, ischemia and hypoxia group, conventional treatment group and degradation therapy group (n=90). After surgical treatment, sham and ischemic hypoxia group were treat with normal saline; conventional treatment group was received TPM solution 100 mg/kg, 2 times/d; degradation therapy group received TPM solution 150 mg/kg, 2 times/d, per 3 d treatment each dosage was reduced 50 mg/kg, the lowest reduced to 50 mg/kg. Four groups received continuous treatment for 10 d. After treatment for 1 d, 4 d, 7 d, 10 d the cerebral edema, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and cognitive abilities of four groups were observed. Results After 1 d, 4 d of treatment, the brain water content and NSE levels in ischemia and hypoxia group, the conventional treatment group and the degradation therapy group were significantly higher than that in sham group (P<0.05), the brain water content and NSE levels of the conventional treatment group and the degradation therapy group were significantly lower than that in the ischemic hypoxia group (P<0.05). GABA levels and learning ability of the ischemia and hypoxia group, the conventional treatment group and degradation therapy group were significantly lower than the sham group (P<0.05), the GABA levels and learning ability of the conventional treatment group and degradation therapy group were significantly higher than the ischemia and hypoxia group (P<0.05). After 7 d, 10 d of treatment, the brain water content and NSE levels in the sham operation group, the conventional treatment group and degradation therapy group were significantly lower than the ischemia and hypoxia group (P<0.05), while the GABA levels and learning ability of these three groups were significantly higher than that in the ischemia and hypoxia group (P<0.05), the GABA levels in the conventional treatment group were significantly higher than degradation therapy group (P<0.05); After 10 d of treatment, the GABA levels of the conventional treatment group were significantly higher than the sham group, the learning ability of the degradation therapy group and sham operation group were significantly higher than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusions The correct amount of short-term TPM has protective effect on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, but long-term or excessive use may cause new damage to the brain and reduce the cognitive ability.

352-357

Authors: Zi-Li Gong, Chun-Mei Luo, Sheng-Zheng Wu, Hong Ran, Jie Zhu, Jian Zheng

Objective To investigate the protective effect of ultrasound-combined microbubbles on hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AchE) fibers in rats. Methods According to random digits table, 60 SD rats were divided into two groups, marrow stromal cells (MSCs) intracranial transplantation group and MSCs intracranial transplantation + ultrasonic microbubbles group. Marrow stromal cells were cultivated and isolated in vitro; 12 weeks after transplantation, spatial learning and memorizing abilities of rats were assessed by Morris water maze; AchE staining method was used to observe changes in density and appearance of AchE staining positive fibers in hippocampal CA1 region. Results There was asignificant increase in spatial learning and memorizing abilities of rats in MSCs intracranial transplantation + ultrasonic microbubbles group. Hippocampal AchE staining suggested an increase in the density of AchE staining positive fibers in MSCs intracranial transplantation group; the fibers were regular, intact and dense. Density of hippocampal AchE positive fibers was negatively correlated with the escape latent period and was positively correlated with percentage of the time needed to cross each platform quadrant. Conclusions Better promotion of spatial learning and memorizing abilities of rats in MSCs intracranial transplantation + ultrasonic microbubbles group may be related with the protective effect of ultrasound-combined microbubbles on hippocampal acetylcholine fibers.

364-367

Authors: Qiao-Li Su, Shuang-Qing Li, Duo-Ning Wang, Feng Liu, Bo Yuan

Objective To study the influence of MicroRNA-10b on proliferation and invasion of human low metastatic lung cancer cell 95-C and its mechanism. Methods Lipofectamine MicroRNA-10b eukaryotic expression plasmid was transfected into 95-C. The experiment group was divided into blank control group, empty vector transfected group and MicroRNA-10b transfected group. Real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of MicroRNA-10b and KLF4mRNA expression. Proliferations of cells were detected by cell proliferation assay, invasion of the detected the cell Transwell experiments, the expression of KLF4 protein was detected in Western blotting cells. Results The proliferation rate of MicroRNA-10b plasmid transfection group increased significantly after transfection, invasion and migration ability enhancement, by comparison, there are statistically significant differences in the blank control group and negative control group (P<0.05); the expression of MicroRNA-10b plasmid transfection group KLF4 protein decreased, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); reduce the expression of MicroRNA-10b plasmid transfection group KLF4mRNA, but no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusions MicroRNA-10b may promote proliferation and invasion of 95-C cells by down regulating the expression of KLF4 protein.

373-377

Authors: Xin-Peng Cong, Wen-Hui Wang, Xi Zhu, Can Jin, Liang Liu, Xin-Min Li

Objective To investigate the effect of stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1) knockdown on the proliferation and migration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) after vascular injury and its mechanism. Methods The rat bone marrow derived EPCs were divided into three groups: adenovirus negative control (group NSC), rat STIM1 adenovirus vector transfection group (group si/rSTIM1) and rat &human recombinant STIM1 adenovirus transfection group (group si/rSTIM1+hSTIM1). The STIM1 expressions in each group were detected by reverse transcription PCR after transfection; the cell proliferation was tested by [3H] thymidine incorporation assay (3H-TdR); Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry; the cells' migration activity was detected by Boyden assay; Calcium ion concentration was detected by using laser confocal method. Results 48 h later after transfection, the expression level of STIM1 in si/rSTIM1 cells was significantly lower than that in NSC group (0.21±0.12 vs 1.01±0.01, P<0.05); EPCs that stayed in G1 phase in si/rSTIM1 group [(93.31±0.24)%] were significantly more than that in NSC group [(78.03±0.34)%, P<0.05]; EPCs' migration activity in si/rSTIM1 group (10.03±0.33) was significantly lower than that in NSC group: (32.11±0.54, P<0.05); EPCs calcium ion concentration changes in EPCs in si/rSTIM1 group (38.03±0.13) was significantly lower than that in NSC group (98.11±0.34, P<0.05). While there was no significant difference between si/rSTIM1+hSTIM1 group and NSC group on the four indexes above. Conclusions Silence of STIM1 attenuates EPCs proliferation and migration after vascular injury, by mediating the calcium ion concentration in EPCs.

382-385

Authors: Jie Zhang, Sheng-Guo Chen, Kaken Habaerxi, Shawuti Alimujiang, Yu Chen, Ming-Zhen Peng, Rong Yue, Yu-Lian Wu, De-Quan Wang, Yu-Ming Chen

Objective To observe reinforcing effect of calcium sulfate cement (CSC) bovine bone morphogenetic protein (bBMP) on vertebral in the rabbit model of osteoporosis. Methods A total of 48 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into group I (blank control group), group II (CSC injection group), group III (CSC/bBMP injection group) and control group. White rabbit osteoporosis model was established rapidly by using castration method+methylprednisolone candidate. After modeling, groups II, III were given corresponding vertebral body injection material, and 4 animals were sacrificed respectively at 24 h, 6 weeks, 12 weeks after vertebral plasty. Tissue pathological status, vertebral mineral density and vertebral body bone mechanical strength were observed. Results Vertebral body structure form was normal in the groups II and III. Trabecular bone coarsens, connection and repair were observed in micro fracture and bone defects, bone trabecular connectivity was superior to group I significantly; vertebral body compression strength in the groupI was on the decline, vertebral compression strength in the groups IIand III was on the rise, the largest vertebra. Postoperative BMC and BMD in groups IIand III were incresed, and significantly higher than group I after 6 weeks (P<0.05), BMC and BMD in group III after 12 weeks were higher than the other three groups. Conclusion Compound bBMP CSC has good bone induction. It can improve the three-dimensional construction effect for osteoporosis vertebral trabecula, and can significantly improve the vertebral strength, as a vertebral packing material with good application prospect.

390-393

Authors: Jian-Lan Yu, Jun-Hua Li, Rong-Gui Chengz, Yan-Mei Ma, Xiao-Juan Wang, Jing-Chun Liu

Objective To observe the preventive and control effect of matrine on transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) of liver fibrosis tissue in rats. Methods A total of 48 SD rats were randomly divided into A, B, C, D groups with 12 in each, group A as the normal control group and groups B, C, D as liver fibrosis models using composite modulus method with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4). Group B was the model group, group C adopted γ-interferon lavage therapy in the second day of modeling, and group D adopted matrine lavage treatment, at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. Six rats were executed for detection of TGF-β1 and HGF, liver tissue histology and comparison fibrosis degree changes of rat liver tissue between groups. Results Groups B, C, D showed a more significantly increased TGF-β1 at each time point compared with group A (P<0.05); Group B showed a more significantly increased TGF-β1 than groups C and D at weeks 4 and 8 (P<0.05); group D showed a lowest level of TGF-β1, followed by groups C and B. HGF of group B decreased more significantly than A group at weeks 4 and 8 (P<0.05); HGF of groups C and D was significantly elevated at 4 and 8 weeks than groups A and B (P<0.05), in which the group D showed the highest level of HGF. According to tissue histologic observation, rat liver tissue structure of group A was clear and normal, tissue structure of group B was destroyed with obvious fibrous tissue hyperplasia and fatty change of hepatic cells; groups C and D showed a slighter liver tissue damage, cell necrosis and connective tissue hyperplasia in collect abbacy than group B with a trend of obvious improvement. Conclusions Matrine can reduce TGF-β1 expression and enhance the activity of HGF, so as to realize the inhibition effect on liver fibrosis in rats.

398-401

Authors: Yan Xu, Yu Yang, Ying-Quan Luo

Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on serum oxidative stress and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide expression in rats. Methods A total of 40 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group (Group A, n=10, saline 5 mL/d), ischemia-reperfusion group (Group B, n=10, saline 5 mL/d), atorvastatin group (Group C, n=10, atorvastatin 20 mg/kg•d), atorvastatin + N-amino-arginine group (Group D, n=10, atorvastatin 20 mg/kg•d + N-amino arginine 15 mg/kg). Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion rat model was established after 3 days of gavage. N-amino arginine 15 mg/kg was given by tail vein injection 15 min before ischemia. After reperfusion, enzymology indicators such us creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase and the oxidative stress parameters such as nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total superoxide dismutase (TSOD), and n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results LDH and CK levels of group A were significantly lower than the other three groups, and group B was the highest. There was significant difference between group B and group C (P<0.05), and no significant difference between group B and group D (P>0.05). MDA levels in group B were significantly higher than the other three groups. The lowest was group A, followed by group C, the difference among groups was significantly (P<0.05). TSOD and NO levels in group B was the lowest, the level in group A was the highest, followed by group C, the difference among groups was significant (P<0.05). NT-proBNP level in group B was significantly higher than the other three groups, the lowest was group A, followed by group C, the difference among groups was significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Atorvastatin has a protective effect on the myocardial injury in the myocardial ischemia and reperfusion rats. It can increase NO synthesis and decrease MDA content, increase serum TSOD activity and the oxidative stress effect, meanwhile protect myocardial cells and reduce myocardial injury.

407-411

Authors: Yan-Li Cao, Wei Zhang, Yan-Qun Ai, Wen-Xia Zhang, Yi Li

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol and ketamine on the cognitive function and immune function in young rats. Method A total of 80 young rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group, ketamine group (experimental group A), propofol group (experimental group B), ketamine and propofol group (experimental group C). All rats had continuous injection for three times, serum IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 and whole brain IL-1β level, hippocampal neuronal apoptosis level were measured. The cognitive ability in rats was tested by water maze. Results Water maze test showed on the 1st d, the maze test latency of the control group, the experimental group B and the experimental group C water were decreased gradually; Compared with the control group after 3 days, the latency of the experimental group A, experimental group B and experimental group C were all decreased, the crossing circle times were also reduced. Hippocampal neuron apoptosis were (2.3±1.7)%, (14.7±6.9)%, (4.2±3.3)%, (10.2±4.8)% in control group, experimental group A, experimental group B and experimental group C, respectively. The neurons apoptosis of experimental group A was significantly increased. The serum IL-4 and IL-10 of the experimental group A, experimental group B and experimental group C after anesthesia were significantly higher than the control group. The whole brain IL-1β of the experimental group A, experimental group B and experimental group C were significantly lower than the control group. Conclusions Propofol can reduce anesthesia effect of ketamine on the cognitive function and immune function in the young rats.

417-420

Authors: Yuan-Lu Huang, Xiao-Li Liu, Na Xu, Ya-Juan Xiao, Guan-Lun Gao

Abstract Objective To investigate the expression and function of chemokine receptor CXCR2 and CXCR7 in the rat with acute leukemia. Methods Flow cytometry and RT-PCR were used to detect the CXCR2, CXCR7 expression on the bone marrow cell surface of the acute leukemia group and the control group. Results The bone marrow cell surface CXCR2, CXCR7 relative fluorescence intensity of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The CXCR7 expression of the extramedullary infiltration group was significantly higher than non-extramedullary infiltration group (P<0.05). The CXCR2, CXCR7mRNA median expression level of the observation group was higher than the control group. The CXCR2 expression and CXCR7 expression of the observation group was positively correlated, and the correlation coefficient was 0.782 (P<0.01). Conclusions The chemokine receptor CXCR2 and CXCR7 are highly expressed in acute leukemia, which may be associated with the occurrence of leukemia.

262-266

Authors: Rui Wang, Chang-zheng Zhu, Ping Qiao, Jian Liu, Qiang Zhao, Kui-jie Wang, Ting-bao Zhao

Objective To evaluate of the curative effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on rat acute radiation pneumonitis. Methods Fourty rats were randomly divided into control group, radiation group, stem cell prevention group, stem cell treatment group and prednisone treatment group. All rats except those in the control group were radiated with X ray to establish the acute radiation pneumonitis damage model. The hUC-MSCs cultured in vitro was administrated to the rats of the prevention group via tail vein (1×106 cells/kg BW) 24 h before the radiation, while the same administration was performed in the rats of the treatment group 24 h after the radiation. After 24 h post the radiation, the rats in the radiation group were given 0.4 mL physiological saline, and those in the prednisone group were given 1 mg/kg prednisone. All rats were observed and executed 72 h after the radiation to detect lung histological changes. Results After the administration of hUC-MSCs, the survival status of the rats in the prevention group and treatment group was obviously better than that in the control group. As shown by the histological staining, the morphology, proliferation activity and bronchial state of lung tissues were better in the prevention group and treatment group than in the control group. Conclusions The hUC-MSCs have definite therapeutic effects on acute radiation pneumonitis in rats.

271-275

Authors: Qian Hu, Jiong Chen, Chao Jiang, Heng-Fang Liu

Objective To explore protective effect of rosiglitazone on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods A total of 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (A), I/R group(B), high dose of rosiglitazone (C), low dose of rosiglitazone (D). Plasm concentration of creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, hsCRP, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) were measured 1 h later after I/R. 24 h after I/R hearts were harvested to observe pathological and ultrastructural changes. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting was used to test CD40 expression in myocardial tissue. Area of myocardial infarction were tested, arrhythmia rate during I/R was recorded. Results Plasm concentration of creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, hsCRP, NO, MDA and ET were decreased in group C, D compared with group B. Plasm concentration of T-SOD and GSH-Px was increased significantly in group C, D compared with group B. Compared with group B, pathological and ultrastructural changes in group C, D were slightly. Myocardial infarction area and arrhythmia rate were lower in group C, D compare with group B. Conclusions Rosiglitazone can protect myocardium from I/R injury by enhancing T-SOD and GSH-Px concentration, inhibit inflammatory reaction, improve endothelial function, reduce oxidative stress and calcium overload.

280-284

Authors: Ling Xue, Zhen Wu, Xiao-Ping Ji, Xia-Qing Gao, Yan-Hua Guo

Objective To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B on rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 in each group): A sham operation group, B ischemic reperfusion group model group, C low dose salvianolic acid B group, D median dose salvianolic acid B group, E high dose salvianolic acid B group. One hour after establishment of the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model, the concentration and the apoptotic index of the plasma level of myocardial enzymes (CTn I, CK-MB), SOD, MDA, NO, ET were measured. Heart tissues were obtained and micro-structural changes were observed. Results Compared the model group, the plasma CTn, CK-MB, MDA and ET contents were significantly increased, NO, T-SOD contents were decreased in the treatment group (group C, D, and E) (P<0.05); compared with group E, the plasma CTn I, CK-MB, MDA and ET levels were increased, the NO, T-SOD levels were decreased in groups C and D (P<0.05). Infarct size was significantly reduced, and the myocardial ultrastructural changes were improved significantly in treatment group. Conclusions Salvianolic acid B has a significant protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. It can alleviate oxidative stress, reduce calcium overload, improve endothelial function and so on.

293-296

Authors: Yan-Fang Yu, Yong Zhang, Na Shen, Rui-Ying Zhang, Xin-Qing Lu

Objective To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), P53 and telomerase on angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma tissue. Methods A total of 95 surgical resection samples of gastric cancer tissue after pathological diagnosis are collected to observe the VEGF, P53 and telomerase expression using immunohistochemical methods. Relationship between their expression and its influence on angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma tissue were analyzed. Results Microvascular density (MVD) and the expression of VEGF, P53 and telomerase were positively correlated. Expression of VEGF and P53 protein were related to tumor type and lymph metastasis, and also a correlation was observed between P53 and VEGF. The telomerase expression had no correlation with VEGF, and P53. Conclusions VEGF angiogenesis has a angiogenesis promoting effect on gastric cancer tissue development and plays an important role in tumor generation and metastasis. Mutant P53 promotes the tumor angiogenesis generation by adjusting VEGF. Telomerase has a certain role in promoting activity of angiogenesis through different way rather than P53.

301-304

Authors: Xiao-Lei Zhai, Xiao-Wei Qu, Liang Guo, Qian-He Ha

Objective To explore the relation between the polymorphism of repetitive sequence in gene CAG of androgen receptor (AR) and the susceptibility and clinical stages as well as pathological grading of prostate cancer among Han population. Method Sixty-eight cases with prostate cancer hospitalized in Urinary Surgery Department from Feb. 2010 to Feb. 2012 and 60 healthy cases were chosen as research subjects. Methods of PCR and direct sequencing were adopted to detect DNA sequence of AR gene and the length of repetitive sequence in CAG. Results The lengths of repetitive sequence in CAG of patients with prostate cancer and healthy people were (22.3±4.6) and (23.0±4.9), respectively showing no statistical significance. Comparing length (repetitive sequence of CAG)>22, those with that < 22 suffer a remarkably higher risk of prostate cancer (P<0.05). The number of repetitive sequence in CAG of patients at clinical stage C-D was less than that of patients at stage B, and the number of repetitive sequence in CAG of patients with poorly differentiated prostate cancer was also less than that of patients with moderately and highly differentiated prostate cancer. But there was no statistical significance int the difference (P>0.05); the proportion of patients with length <22 at clinical stage C-D was much larger than that of patients at clinical stage B (P<0.05), and as the aggravation of pathological grading, the proportion of patients with the length <22 was also remarkably increased and there was significant difference between patients with highly differentiated prostate cancer and those with poorly differentiated prostate cancer (P<0.05). Conclusions There is correlation between the occurrence and development of prostate cancer in Han population and the polymorphism of repetitive sequence in gene CAG of androgen receptor. The less the number of repetitive sequence in CAG is, the higher the risk of prostate cancer will be and the more severe the clinical stage and pathological grading will be.

309-312

Authors: Tao Zhang, Min Fang, Zi-Mu Fu, He-Chun Du, Hua Yuan, Gui-Yu Xia, Jie Feng, Gui-Yun Yin

Objective To analyze the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3-K), protein kinase B (PKB) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3 β) in skeletal muscle tissue of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A total of 90 cases of pregnant women were divided into observation group and control group according to the occurrence of GDM with 45 cases in either, and the expression of PI3-K, PKB, GSK-3 β mRNA expression in skeletal muscle tissue was compared between two groups. Results The total PI3-K p85 protein was significantly higher in the observation group compared with the control group, the activity of PI3-K was lower than that of the latter; The total PKB, GSK-3 β protein in skeletal tissue had no significant difference between two groups, while the serine phosphorylation levels of PKB and GSK-3βwere significantly lower in observation group compared with the control group. Conclusions The downregulation of PI3-K, PKB and GSK-3βin skeletal tissue of GDM caused by phosphorylation dysfunction of signaling molecules is the reason for insulin resistance and transporter function decline which lead to GDM.

317-320

Authors: Wei-Cai Fu, Yan Jiang, Lin Zhang

Objective To explore effect of retinal stem cells (RSCs) combined with copolymer-1 (COP-1) immunotherapy on optic nerve damage in glaucoma rat model. Methods A total of 40 SD rats were selected for glaucoma model and were randomly divided into 4 groups to observe protective effects of RSCs transplantation combined with COP-1. Results Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were either positive in retina of RSCs transplanted or COP-1 immunological treated rat. Positive rate of BDNF and IGF-1 and expression of mRNA and protein were significantly higher in RSCs transplantation combined with COP-1 immunotherapy treated rats compared with the other 3 groups, in which amount of apoptotic RGCs was lowest. Conclusions RSCs transplantation combined with COP-1 immunotherapy can promote the secretion of BDNF and IGF-1. They protect RGCs in glaucoma rats in coordination, significantly reduce the number of apoptosis RGCs so as to alleviate the optic nerve damage. It ponits a new research direction for treatment of glaucoma.

325-328

Authors: Xiao-Qi Gu, Yong-Mei Li, Jing Guo, Li-Hua Zhang, Dong Li, Xiao-Dong Gai

Objective To investigate the repairing effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the Beagle canines periodontal bone defect. Methods A total of 12 Beagle dogs with periodontal bone defect model were randomly divided into control group, LIPUS group, guided tissue regeneration (GTR) group and LIPUS+GTR group, with three in each. After completion of the models, no other proceeding was performed in control group; LIPUS group adopt direct exposure to radiation line LIPUS processing 1 week after modeling; GTR group adopted treatment with GTR, following the CTR standard operation reference; LIPUS+GTR group was treated with LIPUS joint GTR. Temperature change before treatment and histopathological change of periodontal tissue after repair was observed. Results There was no significant difference in temperature changes of periodontal tissue between groups (P>0.05). The amount and maturity of LIPUS+GTR group were superior to other groups; new cementum, dental periodontal bones of GTR group were superior to the control group but less than LIPUS group; new collagen and maturity of the control group is not high relatively. Conclusions LIPUS can accelerate the calcium salt deposition and new bone maturation, thus it can serve as promoting periodontal tissue repair, and shortening the periodontal tissue repair time.

333-336

Authors: Hong-Tu Li, Quan-Jun Cao, Xiang-Jie Qi, Wei-Ling Lu

Objective To investigate the effect of anesthesia on the cognitive status damage and MMP-2 expression in rats. Methods A total of 120 healthy rats were selected and randomly divided into the control group, CF3-CH(OCH2F)-CF3 (Sevoflurane) group and CF3-CH2-O-CHF-CF3 group (Sevoflurane) (n=40). After training for 3 d by the Morris water maze, the control group were injected with fentanyl for analgesia, the CF3-CH(OCH2F)-CF3 group and the CF3-CH2-O-CHF-CF3 group were anesthesia with CF3-CH (OCH2F)-CF3 and CF3-CH2-O-CHF-CF3 on the basis of fentanyl, then rats in three groups underwent open surgery and suture conventional incision. Morris water maze was used to measure the rats' cognitive ability in three groups on the 1st d, 3rd d, 5th d and 7th d, and the brain tissue MMP-2 expression was detected. Results After 1 d/7 d of the surgery, Morris water maze performance and MMP-2 expression were not significantly different among three groups (P>0.05); After 3 d/5 d of the surgery, compared with the control group, the Morris water maze test result was significantly worsened, MMP-2 expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.05); After 3 d/5 d of the surgery, compared with the CF3-CH2-O-CHF-CF3 group, Morris water maze test result of CF3-CH(OCH2F)-CF3 group was significantly worsened, MMP-2 expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusions Anesthesia can cause some injury on cognitive status, different anesthetic drugs may cause different injury, and the cognitive status injury is related to the MMP-2 expression.