Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine

337-341

Authors: Suryanarayana Murty Upadhyayula, Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni, Hari Krishna Nayanoori, Arunachalam Natarajan, Prashant Goswami

To assess the virus infection in mosquitoes during different seasons and correlated with various climatic factors. Methods: The field collected vectors were screened for Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus after dessication using ELISA method. Most of the positive pools were recorded from Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Cx. tritaeniorhynchus) and Culex. gelidus (Cx. gelidus) during JE transmission season (winter) and some positive pools were also reported during non JE transmission periods (i.e. summer and rainy seasons). Results: The minimum infection rates (MIR) of 1.75 from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and 0.17 from Cx. gelidus has been reported in the year 2002 at the beginning of the study and the values were found nil at the end of the study (2006) from the study areas of Kurnool district. Conclusions: From this study it is noted that MIR of Cx. gelidus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were modulated by various meteorological parameters. The mosquito vector abundance increases after the monsoon period (winter) and lowest in dry season (summer). Similarly, MIR fluctuated between seasons with higher MIR recorded after monsoon period and lower in the rest of season. Impact of these metrological parameters in JE virus infected mosquitoes is discussed in this paper.

347-351

Authors: Xiao-Qing Guo, Yan-Ming Wei, Bo Yu

To construct a strain of recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing the heat shock protein 65(Hsp65) and human interleukin 2 (IL-2) fusion protein (rMS-Hsp65/IL-2) and to explore the effect of this construct on lymphocyte function in mice. Methods: The fusion gene encoding Hsp65-hIL-2 was cloned into shuttle vector pSMT3. The recombinant plasmid pSMT3-Hsp65-hIL-2 was transferred to Mycobacterium smegmatis by electroporation. Positive clones were selected by hygromycin and identified by PCR. The expression of fusion protein Hsp65-hIL-2 was verified using indirect immunofluorescence staining. Mice were immunized for two times by subcutaneously injection with 1伊106 CFU rMS-Hsp65/IL-2 at a three-week interval. Two weeks after the second immunization, mice were sacrificed and the serum samples were collected for determination of anti-Hsp65 specific IgG. Splenic lymphocytes were isolated and treated with the rMS-Hsp65/IL-2 to determine lymphocytic proliferation activity by MTT assay. IFN-毭 and IL-2 in the medium of the treated cells were also determined by ELISA. Results: Successful construction of rMS-Hsp65/IL-2 was verified by PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Compared to the splenic lymphocytes isolated from mice immunized with Bacille Calmette-Guerin or mice immunized with Mycobacterium smegmatis alone, the splenic lymphocytes isolated from mice immunized with rMS-Hsp65/IL-2 showed a marked increase in the proliferation of lymphocytes, together with an increased production of important cytokines such as IFN-毭and IL-2. Conclusions: rMS-Hsp65/IL-2 markedly enhances lymphocyte function. Therefore, the fusion protein generated by rMS-Hsp65/IL-2 may be of potential value in generating an effective vaccine against tuberculosis.

355-357

Authors: Jahangir Abdi, Bahram Kazemi, Mohammad Hasan Karimfar, Mohammad Bagher Rokni

To immunize rabbits with 12 and 16 kDa recombinant subunits of antigen B from Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) and measuring polyclonal antibody and humoral immune response using ELISA and gel diffusion. Methods: Two mentioned antigens were cloned and expressed in expression vector and purified by affinity chromatography. Four young rabbits were selected and challenged intradermally with yielded recombinant antigens. Rabbits’ sera were collected post infection and were tested using ELISA and gel diffusion for polyclonal antibody detection 10 days after last injection. Results: The specific antibody against the recombinant peptides was efficiently produced within 4 weeks post infection. Conclusions: Produced recombinants proteins could induce the immune response of the rabbits successfully. This process might improve the clarification of diagnosis and vaccination as regards hydatidosis.

362-366

Authors: D Jaya Kumar, R Jaya Santhi

To evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of hexane extract of Morinda pubescens leaves and to find the primary bioactive compound responsible for antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Methods: The individual compounds were isolated using column cwharso mevaatlougartaepdh yfo ar nadl l winerdei vcihdauraalc itseorlizaetedd b cyo msppeocutrnodssc obpyi cD tPePcHhn miqeutehso. dT uhsei nagn tLio-xAidscaonrtb aicc tiavciitdy acas ssptaasned taersdt aanndd RcyTt-oPtoCxRic sittuyd wy.a sR aessuseltsss:e dT hfeo ra nthtieo xeixdtaranct ta catnidvi ttyh eo fh tyhoes icsyoalamteinde c bomy pMoTuTn dass saanyd, tshheo wexetdra tcht ein hcirgehas eadn taios xtihdea cnotn accetnitvriattyi.o nT hinec reexatsreadc.t Oanned otfh teh eh yisooslcayteadm cionme pdoousned- dheyopsecnydaemnitnlye Udepc rreeagsuelda tthioen c eolfl pvi5a3b iglietyn ein e HxperpeGs2s icoenll sp.r Hovyiodsecsy acmuien ef oirn daupcoepdt octaiscp aasceti-v3i tmy eodfi ahtyedos acpyoapmtoisnies.. Conclusions: The results indicate that hexane extract possessed potent antioxidant and cytotoxic activity and hyoscyamine is the principal bioactive compound in hexane extract.

374-379

Authors: Mi-Ja Kim, Hye Kyung Kim

To explore the anti-diabetic activity of Ecklonia cava (EC) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (90 mg/kg). Normal and diabetic mice were treated with 0%, 3%, and 5% EC diet for 4 weeks. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations, serum lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test, and liver and pancreatic 毬-cell histopathological observations were performed. In addition, in vitro glucose-induced insulin secretion was determined using pancreatic 毬-islet cells. Results: EC supplementation significantly and dose-dependently decreased serum glucose concentration, and improved glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice by preventing loss of -cell mass resulting in increase of insulin secretion. The triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations in the serum and liver were markedly reduced by EC treatment in STZ-diabetic mice. Moreover, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol levels were ameliorated in EC supplemented diabetic mice. Liver steatosis induced by STZ was ameliorated by EC supplementation. Furthermore, in vitro insulinotrophic effect of EC extract was observed in pancreatic 毬-islets. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that EC is a potent and efficacious hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent, and prevents the loss of 毬-cell mass resulting in increase of insulin secretary capacity.

385-390

Authors: Aashish S Morani, Subhash L Bodhankar, V Mohan, Prasad A Thakurdesai

To evaluate the effects of the standardized extract of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Family: Leguminasae) seed (IND01) in animal models of peripheral neuropathy. Methods: IND01 was prepared from fenugreek seeds and standardized by high performance liquid chromatography to a marker compound, trigonelline. The effects of daily oral administration of IND01 (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) were studied in rats after partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) and sciatic nerve crush injury (SNCI) during 30-days period. The measurements on thermal hyperalgesia (TH), motor function test (MFT) score and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were recorded. Results: IND01 offered sustained protection against TH and deranged MFT scores in both models from 7-day onwards. Fifteen days of daily oral administration of IND01 restored MNCV reduction in rats with SNCI but not with PSNL. Conclusions: IND01 was found to be effective in rat models of painful peripheral neuropathy.

396-401

Authors: Zeng-Tao Hao, Yu-Xia Ma, Ting Hao, Wei Feng, Ji-Hong Wang, Dong-Sheng Fan, Shu-Zheng Wen

To compare the effect of surgical intervention on functional treatment. Methods: By searching the MEDLINE (1966 to October 2011), EMBASE (1980 to October 2011), the Chinese Biomedical Database Databases (1980 to October 2011), a total of 9 related RCT studies comparing surgical intervention with functional treatment were included in our study. RevMan software was taken to analyze the data. Results: These 9 studies involved a total of 1 268 mostly young adults, including 580 patients with surgical treatment and 688 patients with functional treatment. The results showed the stability of ankle activity in surgical treatment group was better than that in functional treatment group, with the OR and 95% CI of 0.72 (0.52-0.99). No significant difference was found in the recurrence of the surgical and functional group. However, the movement disorder in the surgical treatment suggested increased risk than that in functional group, with the OR and 95% CI of 2.39 (0.98-5.85). Surgical group found more complication than the function group, such as deep vein thrombosis,deep venous thrombosis, tenderness of scar and sensory loss. Conclusions: In conclusion, our finding showed that surgical treatment could gain better efficacy than functional treatment, but may bring more complication. Therefore, further large sample size RCT is warranted.

406-409

Authors: Tie Chen, Ren-Fa Lai, Zhi-Ying Zhou, Qing-Tong Zhao, Zhong-Da Yin

To investigate the feasibility of ultrasonic diagnosis for monitoring fracture healing. Methods: Thirty rabbit models with fraction of mandible body were established by surgically removing partial lower jawbone. At the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 12th week after the operation, they were examined by X-ray and ultrasound, respectively. All detection results were scored according to a generally accepted standard. Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the results of the two inspection methods. Results: In each healing stage, the results of the ultrasonic inspection were basically consistent with those of the X-ray examination, as supported by a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.892 (P<0.001). Conclusions: Non-invasive ultrasonic inspection can be used instead of X-ray examination to monitor and diagnose fracture healing.

413-415

Authors: Rikki Singal, Sunita Gupta, Samita Gupta

Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is the sixth commonest extra-pulmonary TB form after lymphatic, genitourinary, bone and joint, miliary and meningeal tuberculosis. We are presenting a rare case in a young female of age 7 year diagnosed as peritonitis and intestinal obstruction. Operative findings revealed dense fibrosis in interloops and perforation of the small bowel. She was put on antitubercular treatment for one year. Patient was discharged in satisfactory condition and is in follow up for 2 months.