World Journal of Experimental Biosciences

26 - 31

Authors: Sanjay Chhibber, Ayaid Khadem Zgair

The bacterial adhesion to the biotic and abiotic surfaces represents the first step in infection and contributes to increasing the pathogenicity of bacteria. In the current review, we have shed light on the ability of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to adhere to biotic and abiotic surfaces and the role of this adhesion in increasing the virulence of this bacteria and its ability to cause infectious diseases. The adhesion of S. maltophilia to abiotic surfaces contributes to the bacteria’s resistance to the wild spectrum of antibiotics in addition to evading the body’s immune response during biofilm formation. Bacterial appendages such as flagella and pili play an important role in adhesion to biotic and abiotic surfaces. Studies have shown the role of the flagella of S. maltophilia in adhesion to biotic and abiotic. The current study also showed the role of pili of S. maltophilia and bacterial outer membrane proteins in adhesion to the surfaces. The adhesion of bacteria to biotic surfaces occurs through the attachment of bacterial appendages to receptors located on the surfaces of living cells. The mechanism adopted by S. maltophilia to adhere to biotic surfaces is through binding to specific receptors on the surface of living cells or by attaching to mucus, especially in the respiratory tract. As for adhesion to abiotic surfaces, it depends on the hydrophobic forces as well as the electrical charges and the van der Waals force. Adhesion of S. maltophilia to the surfaces is considered one of the mechanisms used by bacteria to resist antibiotics and cause infectious diseases. The increased ability of S. maltophilia to adhere to surfaces has contributed to the increase in the pathogenicity of this bacteria in recent years.

38-41

Authors: Rusul Hisham Ahmed

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most impact autoimmune diseases in society, as it affects the movement and work of people. There are different types of medications given to patients with RA. The current study aims to fill the knowledge gap related to the effect of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by bacterial pathogens in people with RA who have taken different types of medications on the activity of the disease in terms of disease activity score (DAS) 28. In the present study, The 100 cohorts included 30 healthy control volunteers and 70 RA patients divided into two groups, The first group contained 41 patients (24 female and 7 male) with RA and UTI; the second group, 29 patients suffering from RA (24 female and 5 male) without suffering from UTI. The study showed that there is no change in the level of disease activity DAS28 in the patients with RA getting different RA medicines (1. Enbrel and Methotrexate, 2. Enbrel, 3. Methotrexate, 4. Humira and methotrexate, 4. Rituximab) and their urinary tract infected with different bacteria as compared with DAS28 of RA patients using above medicine and did not suffer bacterial UTI. (P>0.05). No effect of the type of medicine on the DAS28 in each patient group. It was concluded for the first time that the RA medicines do not affect the activity of RA (DAS28) in patients with RA and suffering from UTI or not suffering from UTI.

45-49

Authors: Bashar Mohammed Salih Ibrahim, Mohammed Hadi Munshed Al-Osami

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered one of the complex autoimmune diseases that affects not only the body's joints but can also affect various organs of the body. There are several inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) used to estimate the activity and progression of the disease (RA). The current study aims to highlight the effect of bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) on the level of some inflammatory indicators (ESR and CRP), in addition to the level of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in the peripheral blood of patients with RA. The present study included 70 patients suffering from (RA) divided into two groups, the first group contained 40 patients (24 female and 6 male) with RA and UTI; the second group, 29 patients suffering from RA (24 female and 5 male) without bacterial UTIs, and 30 healthy control cohorts. The study showed that the levels of ESR, CRP, and ANA in the group of patients suffering from RA and bacterial UTI were not statistically different from their levels in patients suffering from RA only (without bacterial UTIs). The bacterial species (UTIS) did not affect the levels of ESR, CRP, and ANA in patients with RA and UTIs. The current study showed that bacterial infection of the urinary tract does not affect the level of basic inflammatory indicators (ESR and CRP) in patients with RA. It also does not affect the level of ANA. The study showed that the age factor and the period of treatment that a patient with RA undergoes do not affect the incidence of bacterial UTIs.