World Journal of Experimental Biosciences

Number 2, 2020

9-11
Microbial, Chemical, and Radial Pollution of Freshwater in Iraq

Authors: Hameda K. Zghair

Abstract

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Water pollution in Iraq is a complex and multifaceted problem that encompasses various types of pollution, including microbial pollution, chemical pollution, and radiation pollution. These forms of contamination pose significant threats to the environment, public health, and the overall well-being of the Iraqi population. In this comprehensive article, we will explore the causes, consequences, and mitigation efforts related to microbial, chemical, and radiation pollution of water in Iraq.

Number 1, 2020

1-5
Coating Indwelling Urinary Catheter with Antibiotics Reduces Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

Authors: Bashar Mohammed Salih İbrahim

Abstract

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Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are a common and significant healthcare-associated infection and represent the serious complicating bacterial infectious diseases. In the present review, the role of coating indwelling catheters with antibiotics in reducing the complicating bacterial infection, especially in critical urinary tract infections. There different urinary catheters are used to help patients that suffering from defects in the urination process. Different antibiotics were used in coating the indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) such as Gentamicin, Fluoroquinolones (Nitrofurazone, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Sparfloxacin), and Triclosan. The effectiveness of coating IUC with antibiotics was dependent on the patient’s clinical cases, the type of IUC, and the kind of antibiotic that would be used in the coating procedure. There are many restrictions in using the antibiotic coating IUC such as the producing the resistance strains and producing the allergy in patients. That is why, it is suggested to use antibiotic coating IUC is limiting in the serious CAUTIs.

6-8
Biofilm Formation by Environmental and Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro

Authors: Ghada Mohammed Saleh, Abass Mohammed

Abstract

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Biofilm builds when bacteria adhere to surfaces in aqueous environments and begin to excrete a slimy, glue-like substance that can anchor them to all kinds of material – such as metals, plastics, soil particles, medical implant materials, and most significantly, human or animal tissue. Most bacteria have a good ability to form biofilm. The studies that cover the compression of biofilm formation by environmental and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are very scanty. The present study aimed to measure the biofilm formation by clinical and environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa to form biofilm onto polystyrene microtiter plates. Two clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa (CPa3 and CPa4) that were isolated from patients suffering from respiratory tract infection and two environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa (EPa1 and EP2) that were isolated from soil contaminated with oil wastes were included in the current study. The micro-dilution and spectrophotometric method was used to measure the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa isolates to polystyrene microtiter plates. The optical density of the released crystal violates stain in the case of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa was 0.28 ± 0.11, while this value was 0.13 ± 0.01 in the case of environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa. The present study provided the ability of clinical isolates to form biofilm higher than the ability of environmental isolates to form biofilm.