Lipopolysaccharide was extracted from Campylobacter jejuni and Vibrio cholerae (NAG) by EDTA-heating method. Anti-sera against both LPS were raised in rabbit. Passive hemagglutination was used to check the LPS-antigenic relationship between both bacterial species. The results showed that there is no cross reaction relationship between LPS of C. jejuni and LPS of V. cholerae.
Three hundred and sixty feces samples were collected from children and infants who have diarrhea and other symptoms that associate with Acute Flaccin Paralysis (AFP). The samples were collected from middle and southern provinces of Iraq. The clinical cases were equal or less than four years old. Nineteen positive poliovirus positive cases were found post preliminary culture. Poliovirus type I was found in six cases, Poliovirus type II was found in three cases and Poliovirus type III was found in six cases. Four cases containing mix poliovirus types. All positive cases were screened in confirmation test and the results showed that 9 isolates of type I, 3 isolates of type II and 10 isolates of type III. All isolated viruses were sabin type and no wild type poliovirus was identification in current study. It can be concluded that the poliovirus sabin maybe associated with Acute Flaccin Paralysis.
This study included nine patients with inactive carrier state of HBV and 14 healthy control groups. The
number and the percentage of T- Lymphocyte (CD3+ Cells) in the peripheral blood of these groups
showed no significant difference. Similar trend was observed when number and percentages of T
helper cells (CD4+ cells) and T cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+ cells). Moreover, no significant
difference in CD4+ /CD8+ cells ratio (P > 0.05) in peripheral blood of patients with inactive carrier
state of HBV as compared with healthy control group. The levels of total serum bilirubin (TSB)
concentration and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity were similar to control group. The levels of
immunoglobulin concentration (IgG and IgM) in patients group were similar to control group. No
remarks of autoimmune phenomena were observed in patients group.
The chitinase is an enzyme has a good ability to hydrolyze chitin in nature. Thus this enzyme play an important role in clean the environments and in industries. The activity of the free chitinase to catalyze the chitin was evaluated in previous study. The activity of immobilized chitinase on a charcoal was not studied previously. In current study, the activity immobilized chitinase to hydrolyze chitin was studies. Purified chitinase was immobilized on charcoal then the activity of immobilized was checked and compared with activity of free chitin. The results showed that the activity of immobilized chitinase was significantly higher than the activity of free chitinase. The activity of immobilized chitinase was checked at different physical conditions like pH and temperature. Maximum enzyme activity to hydrolyze chitin was observed at pH 8 and temperature 40 OC. The present study showed that the activity of chitinase increased when the enzyme was immobilized on charcoal.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important opportunistic pathogen that affects immunocompromised individuals and has high ability to adhere to different surfaces. In the present study its ability to adhere to human epithelial cells that collected from mouths of healthy volunteers was checked. Clinical isolate (Sm2) used in this study was able to adhere to the human epithelial cells. The involvement of flagella in the adhesion process was evaluated by employing anti-flagellin antibodies inhibitors of adhesion. To achieve this, flagellin was purified from clinical isolate (Sm2) anti-sera were raised in rabbit. The flagellin receptors were blocked by treatment of bacteria with anti-flagellin. Reduced bacterial adherence in presence of flagellin ant-isera confirmed the role of flagella in adhesion to biotic surfaces. The effect of anti-flagellin was in a dose dependent manner. These evidences prove the involvement of flagella in the adhesion of S. maltophilia to human epithelial cells
This study included 210 patients with Enteroviral symptoms. All samples were collected from middle and south Iraqi provinces. The highest positive percentage was found in Baghdad (28.8 %). The percentages in the other provinces were 26.7 %, 20 % 20 % and 10 % in Basrah, maysan, Karbala and Wasat, respectively. The lowest percentage was reported in Thy-Kar (8 %). It was found that Echovirus type 11 responsible for 50 % (20 case infected with this type of virus) of infection with Echovirus and this percentage was declined for the following virus, Echovirus 1 (20 %), Echovirus 3 (17.5%), Echovirus 22 (7.7%) and Echovirus 5 (5 %).
This study included 7 patients with autoimmune chronic hepatitis that infected previously with HBV (AIH-HBV), and 16 healthy human as a control group. No significant difference in number and percentage of T- Lymphocyte (CD3+ Cells) in the peripheral blood of patients with AICH as compared with control group. In addition, no significant increase in the percentage and number of CD4+ cells (P < 0.001) was reported and no significant decrease in the number and percentage of CD8+ cells (P < 0.01) was observed. These finding was concomitant with increase in CD4+/CD8+ ratio as compared with healthy control. In present study, it can conclude that the collaboration activity of both cells (CD4+ and CD8+) plays the crucial role in severity of AIH-HBV.
Four isolates of Bacillus subtilis produced chitinase were isolated from soil. The bacterial isolates were grown in liquid medium supported with different salts and nitrogen sources. The highest produced isolate was selected for further experiments. Different method was used to purify the enzyme. The optimum condition for enzyme activity was evaluated in present study. B. subtilis A3 gave the highest enzyme production. The different purification steps were followed to purified casein from B. subtilis A3. The produced enzyme was precipitated at 80% of saturated solution of ammonium sulphate. The salt was eradicated by dialyzed the yielded enzyme with distilled water. Finally, the enzyme solution was run through ion-exchange chromatography (Sephadex G-100 column). The maximum specific activity (5.1 U/mg of protein) was observed in liquid medium supported with casein and incubated in 30 oC with pH 8.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and incubated at different temperatures (34, 37 and 39 oC). Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) was measured. Phagocytic activity of LPS-stimulated monocytes in terms of bacterial uptake and intracellular bacterial killing was checked at different temperatures and time intervals in vitro. Early elevation IL-1α was found in LPS-stimulated monocytes that incubated at 39 oC followed by cells that incubated at 37 oC and lowest level was detected at 34 oC. Similar trend was reported in the phagocytic activity in terms of bacterial uptake and intracellular bacterial killing. The sharp decrease in IL-1α was observed 12 h post exposure to LPS in LPS-stimulated monocytes that incubated at 39 oC only. While, the decrease of IL-1α levels in other incubated temperatures (34 and 37 oC) was seen later than incubated at 39 oC. This report describes the striking effect of incubation temperature on activity of LPS-stimulated monocytes. This result explains clearly the important role of elevation temperature in modulating the immune response against external pathogens.
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