World Journal of Experimental Biosciences

5-8

Authors: Israa M.Subhi, Ayaid K. Zgair, Jenan Atiyah Ghafil

Samples were obtained from patients suffering from burns and wounds and then identified using the biochemical tests and the VITEK 2 fluorescent system. The tests confirmed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that the isolate was sensitive to piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin while resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, tigecycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted by the hotEDTA method and partially purified by gel filtration chromatography using the Sephadex G-200.

14 -18

Authors: Zainab F. Mahmood, Kadhim M. Ibrahim

The tolerance of zinc (Zn) in tissue culture and whole plant of Helianthus annuus was studied. Callus was induced and maintained on Murashage and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with 0.2 mg/L Kinetin (KIN), 0.4 mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/ L 2,4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) used hypocotyl as the source explant for callus induction. Different concentrations of Zn were added directly to the culture medium as contaminant. Selected tolerant cell lines were subjected to regeneration. Concentration of Zn in callus tissues was 29 ppm when 3.0 mg/L of Zn used. The study focused on effect of the cytokinin Benzyl adenine (BA) and the auxin, NAA on number of regenerated shoots percentage from tolerant callus to Zn. Results exhibited that 82% of callus tolerant Zn, occurred when the medium supplemented with combination of 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Effect of NAA on rooting of shoots showed that 2.0 mg/L of NAA gave a rooting percentage mounted to 75%. The study also included measurement of plant height and fresh weight. Maximum Zn accumulation reached to 17.5 ppm in the shoots.

23 - 29

Authors: Hiba Abdulameer Mohammed, Nuha Joseph Kandala, Israa Al-Ogaidi

Accessory gene regulator (agr) operon is the central transcriptional global regulatory system of Staphylococcus aureus; the agr locus is perceived as a part of the center genome of the S. aureus chromosome, responsible of controlling the virulence factors and cell-wall components. Considered the important quorums sensing system of S. aureus, agr activity is critical for skin and soft tissue infections; depending on its reported role in human and animals infections throw the up, down-controlling S. aureus infection advancement since up-control of virulence factors via agr is vital for disease advancement in some cases of intense infection, such infective endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infections for that there is global concern to develop drugs targeting this quorum sensing system. The objective of the study is typing the accessory genes regulator polymorphisms in Baghdad clinical isolates and its relation with the bacterial cassette types. Eighty seven isolates were collected from different sources and characterized by original biochemical tests and there susceptibility were tested toward several types of antimicrobial agents then they applied to molecular diagnosis to confirm characterization of S. aureus isolates by nuc gene with agr types, SCCmec types also several virulence factors and mec gene. It was found all isolates were community acquired harboring SCCmec type IV and one isolate have SCCmec type V also about 68.96% of the isolates were MRSA, most of isolates 75.86% were agr type I. Most MRSA isolates that isolated from Baghdad hospitals was CA-MRSA considering to they; Harboring SCCmec type IV and V., carrying accessory gene regulator (agr) type I., Have pvl gene, showed low susceptibility toward Vancomycin antibacterial agent, Also the studied isolates shown high similarity depending on their cassette type and accessory gene regulator polymorphisms. The most common virulence factors in local clinical isolates of S. aureus were clfA gene (61.6%) followed by pvl gene (32.55%), hlg gene (31.39%), icaA gene (27.58%), tsst-1 gene (24.41%) and eta gene (17.44%).

34 - 38

Authors: Maher Zeki Faysal, Mohammed A. Al-Jaleel Khalil, Sabah Seed Hamadi, Mohammed abedulbari Fzaa

The study was carried out using pots (capacity, 4kg soil/pot) in the glasshouse and different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0, 25, 50 and 100) ppm and different levels of superphosphate (0.25, 0.50 and 100) gm/kg:soil/Pot, these equal to (83.33, 166.66 and 333.32) kg/hectar. In some medical compound which effect on Diabetes like coumrin, trigonellin and fenugreeken and some growth characters of fenugreek plant (local variaty) like absolute growth rate, biomass duration, protein percentage, chlorophyll percentage and protein percentage in seeds were used. This factorial experiment (4× 3) was conducted by using complete randomizing design (C.R.D) with three replication, means were compared using the least significant difference at 0.05 probability level. The results could be summarized that the treatments by gebberllic acid (GA3) alone showed significant increase in absolute growth, biomass, chlorophyll contant, protein percentage and medical compounds. While treatments with superphosphate fertilizer alone showed significant increase only in protein percentage and medical compounds. The interaction between GA3 and phosphate fertilizer showing the best results in all growth characters for all plants in this experiment, specially the treatment with 50 ppm of GA3 with 0.50 gm/pot and 1.0 gm/pot of superphosphate fertilizer gave the highest values of studied compared with control treatment.