World Journal of Experimental Biosciences

1-5

Authors: Farah Mohommed Salehand Ghadah Mohommed Saleh

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is emerging opportunistic clinical pathogens. Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa resist wide spectrum of antibiotics and form biofilm. The comparison study between clinical and environmental of P. aeruginosa in terms of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance is very scanty. Thus, in current study microtiter plate technique was used to measure the biofilm formation by several clinical and environmental isolates. Moreover, the antibiotic susceptibility of these bacteria was evaluated by VITIK 2 techniques. The relationship between the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation was evaluated for clinical and environmental isolates. Clinical and environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa produced a good amount of biofilm but the clinical isolates produced higher amount of biofilm as compared to environmental isolates. Resistance to antibiotics by clinical isolates was higher than resistance to antibiotics by environmental isolates and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of most antibiotics to clinical isolates were higher than MIC against environmental isolates. Little relationship was observed between the biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in case of clinical isolates, while no relationship was seen between the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation. It can be concluded that the clinical isolates produced biofilm higher than environmental isolates. The relationship was seen only between the biofilm produced by clinical isolates and antibiotic susceptibility.

14-17

Authors: Hind J. Al-Ubaidy, Khalid A. Rasheed

The current study included an assessment the ability of Ceratophyllum demersum Phytoremediation of cadmium in accumulative concentration by measuring the heavy metal in the tissues of the plant to check the ability of C. demersum to reduce or eliminate the harmful and toxic effect, which resulting from this type of pollutants in the most important ecosystem. In present study the plant was grown in natural conditions for two months and treated to two concentrations of cadmium (3.714, 4.952 mg/l). The samples of water and a certain weight of the plant were taken before and after treating with cadmium chloride in order to estimate the level of cadmium in these samples before and after treatment. The residual amount of cadmium in the water and also in the plant has also been calculated at different time intervals (3, 6 and 9 days). The present study showed that cadmium accumulated rapidly in the plant and increased dramatically with time, thus the highest level of cadmium was observed at day nine. C. demersum showed high ability to remove cadmium and was at the ninth day of the experiment and that was 1.53, 1.089 mg /l) when exposed to 3.714, 4.952 mg /l of cadmium respectively. The current study proved strongly the ability of C. demersum to eradicate the cadmium in ecosystem.

22-25

Authors: Areej Abbas Zabbon

The impact of immunity on spermatogenesis is documented in the literature. This study highlighted the influence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa hyper-immunization on male rabbit's testicular spermatogenesis as the effect of immune response on sex hormones changes. Morphometric criteria were used to evaluate spermatogenesis. The level of hormone was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that male rabbits vaccinated with the bacteria showed a highly significant (P<0.001) decreased in spermatogonia cell number (11.46±8.11 in test vs 45.19±10.76 in control). In addition there was a significant increase (P<0.001) in spermatocytes cell number represented by pachytene and zygotene cells in vaccinated animal as compared to control (88.5±8.11 in test vs 54.14±10.13 in control). In concomitance with these changes, there was a significant elevation in level of testosterone in immunized groups (3.55±3.86 in test vs 0.98±0.8 in control). While, no significant change was observed in progesterone (2.00±0.80 in test vs 1.83±0.79 in control) and estradiol (21.42±14.02 in test vs 19.31±3.72 in control) levels. The histopathological changes included detachment of spermatogonia in the test group was observed. The increase in spermatogenesis and the changes in hormones level as well as histopathological changes suggest that the immune mechanisms impact on spermatogenesis in males rabbits.

30-35

Authors: Nada Abdulrahman F. Al-Easawi, Muhammad Nafea Ali Al-Azzawi

The effect of shisha smoking on liver parenchyma tissues were evaluated in (120) male adult mice. The animals were divided into four groups according to kind of exposed smoke (cigarette, shisha and mixture of cigarette and shisha). The mice exposed to fresh air considered as control group. A special inhalation chamber designed locally was used to expose the animals to different kinds of smokes. Exposure to cigarette smoke was done for 5 min/day, while exposure to shisha smoke was done for 15 min /day for 4, 8, 12 weeks. The tissues of control and exposed groups were processed for histological study. The results showed different histological changes such as hepatocytes degeneration, congestion, sinusoid dilation and infiltration of inflammatory cells in liver parenchyma tissues. These changes observed clearly when the period of exposure increased especially in groups exposed to shisha smoke and shisha plus cigarette smoke for 12 weeks. The results showed that shisha smoke causes mild damage in liver parenchyma tissue and this damage increased concomitantly with the increase of duration of exposure.