World Journal of Experimental Biosciences

30-35

Authors: Khalid Abdulkareem Mohammed, Abbas Dawwas Mattar Al-Maliki

Diabetes mellitus is common metabolic disease and present all over the world with high ration. Herbal drugs against this disease are highly interesting and effective in recent years. In current study, we try to evaluate the effect of phenolic and alkaloid compounds on blood glucose level in experimental animals. Here, the water extracted of Brassica oleracea var. capitata leaf was ran in GC-Mass to identify the chemical compounds of water extract. The results of GC-Mass identified 18 compounds, from these compound one phenolic compound (Hydroquinone, acetate) and one alkaloid compound [Pyrrolidine, 1-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-] was found. In present study, alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits were prepared by injecting rabbit with three doses of alloxan. The alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits were administrated orally with either 0.3 gm/kg phenolic compound or 0.3 gm/kg alkaloid compound. The best results of blood glucose reduction were found when the diabetic rabbits administrated with phenolic compound. The significant reduction of glucose was observed post 4 h. While, the significant reduction of glucose was observed post 24 h in diabetic rabbits that administrated with alkaloid compound. It can be concluded from present study, the phenolic compound that extracted from Brassica oleracea var. capitata leaf was highly effective to reduce glucose as compared with alkaloids.

41-45.

Authors: Hala M. Radif, Shatha S. Hassan

Azospirillum brasiliense Aw-1 isolated from soil of plant roots was used for production of chitinase and degradation of soil and snail chitin. Soil contained chitin was treated with the bacterial cells and cell free extract (crude chitinase). The level of reducing sugars (as an indicator for chitin degradation) was measured. Significant increase in the reducing sugars was observed after treatment with chitinase (631.6 μg/ml) and bacterial cells (846.6 μg/ml) as compared with the control (305 μg/ml). Azospirillum brasiliense Aw-1 chitinase was used for treatment snail (chitin containing organism). This treatment caused many changes in snail shell and death the animal. These results showed that the possibility of using the chitinase to overcome the ability of chitin containing organisms to cause the infection.

54-58.

Authors: Ayaid Khadem Zgair, Shamim Naser Radhi, Jenan Atiyah Ghafil

Ability of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to adhere and form biofilm onto abiotic surfaces is one of important features of clinical and environmental isolates. Ability of S. maltophilia to adhere to urinary catheter in vitro was not evaluated clearly. Here, the efficiency of S. maltophilia to adhere to coated and uncoated urinary catheter with moxifloxacin was evaluated for first time. Pieces of catheters were coated with moxifloxacin. Spectrophotometric method was used to check the moxifloxacin leached onto urinary catheter. Coated and uncoated catheters were incubated with bacterial growth. Viable of bacterial count was used to check the number of adhered bacteria onto both catheters. Significant adhesion of S. maltophilia to urinary catheter (uncoated with moxifloxacin) in vitro was started as early as 15 min post incubation with bacterial suspension (107 c.f.u./ml). Maximum adhesion was observed at 48 h. Pretreatment of urinary catheter in vitro with 50 ug of moxifloxacin per ml for 24 h significantly reduced the adhesion and survival of the clinical isolate S. maltophilia (Sm2). The significant reduce (P < 0.05) of bacterial adhesion was found at each time point (1, 4, 24 h). The current study showed for the first time high efficiency of S. maltophilia to adhere to urinary catheter in vitro. Moreover, the present study demonstrated for the first time that the coated catheter with moxifloxacin reduced significantly ability of S. maltophilia adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro.