Revista de Economie Mondiala/ Journal of Global Economics

1-26

Authors: Virginia Câmpeanu

For more than 100 years, from 1900 to 2008, there were almost 400 storms natural disasters in Europe, 40% of which occurred in the 1990s. The international prognoses for the world weather suggest a tendency toward increasing in frequency and intensity of the severe storms as the climate warms. In these circumstances, for a researcher in the field of Environmental Economics, a natural question occurs, on whether people can contribute to reducing the frequency and the magnitude of severe storms that produce disastreous social and economic effects, by acting on their causes. In researching an answer to support the public policies in the field, a cause-effect analysis applied to Europe might make a contribution to the literature in the field. This especially considering the fact that international literature regarding the factors influencing global warming contains certainties in regard to the natural factors of influence, but declared incertitudes or skepticism in regard to anthropogenic ones. Skepticism, and even tension arised during the international negotiations in Copenhagen (December 2009) in regard to the agreement for limiting global warming, with doubts being raised about the methods used by experts of the International Climate Experts Group (GIEC), and thus the results obtained, which served as a basis for the negotiations. The object of critics was in regard to the form, and at times in regard to the content. It was not about contesting the phenomenon of Global warming during the negotiations, but the methods of calculation. The methodology relies on qualitative (type top down) and quantitative (type correlations bottom up) cause-effect analysis of the storm disasters in Europe. Based on the instruments used, we proposed a dynamic model of association of the evolution of storm disasters in Europe with anthropogenic factors, with 3 variants. Results: The diagram cause-effect (Ishikawa or fishbone diagram) and quantitative correlation of sub-factors, secondary and primary factors of storm disasters in Europe, revealed the priority of human actions to prevent and decrease natural disasters-type storm.

40-56

Authors: Mariana Papatulica

European Union energy sources are supposed to be sufficient to cover expected growth of natural gas demand for the coming decades, but there are not enough opportunities/infrastructure to transport these volumes of gas to European markets. Arbitrary interruptions of Russia gas deliveries towards Europe, the delays in the rehabilitation of its obsolete pipeline network, the interdiction of direct Asian gas exports transit through Russian transport infrastructure, made stringently necessary for European countries to diversify gas suppliers’ portfolio, by avoiding Russian territory. Nabucco pipeline was conceived as an alternative to European Union countries’ high dependence on Russian gas (about 40% of their consumption is provided by Russia), by connecting European Union countries directly to the huge natural gas resources of Central Asia, on the route Turkey – Bulgaria – Romania – Hungary – Austria. The purpose of this paper is to make a SWOT analysis of this project, highlighting its strengths and weakness from Romania’s point of view, as well as the opportunities and threats as external factors. The main idea resulting from the analysis is that strengths are prevailing for Romania. The turning to account of this project will ensure the diversification of gas sources and the development of competitive markets which can entail price reduction. It is supposed to be a fair and advantageous option, economically reliable, that will reduce dependence on deliveries of gas from a single source – Russia, ensuring two undeniable prerequisites: accessibility (to new supply sources) and availability (which refers to guarantees of long term sustainability of gas deliveries). The project implementation will allow energy to help to establish new structural links between the EU, Turkey and the Caspian Sea states and will ensure transfrontier cooperation possibilities inside some euro-regions already constituted, by accessing regional development funds at EU level. Its route on Romanian territory (through the plain from the southern part of the country) will be an important advantage in pipeline layout, implying lower costs. Nabucco pipeline will create the opportunity of a better connection of our NTS (National Transport System) to the European gas network. All the countries involved in the project are OTAN members, so that Nabucco can also become a vector for political stability in the Black Sea region.

88-103

Authors: Ecaterina Stănculescu, Iulia Monica Oehler-Șincai

One of the ways for accessing knowledge and, through it, for competitivity on international level, is the world trade with high-tech (HT) products. European Union and its Member States (Romania inclusive) position on international HT market defines in fact their competitivity in the global economy. Many politics for encourage innovation in a country lead also to stimulate the technological transfer out of that country. Politics that reduce trade barriers and uncertainties in international trade relations have the potential to increase the international technology transfer. The weight of HT products and services in the entire world trade is around of 19-20%, this percentage varying in different studies and statistics due to the products groups considered to be part of this category and to the inclusion of some adjacent services. During 2001-2008, the world HT export value increased in average by 7% per year. The growth rates were fairly high, by one hand, because of the rising of exported/imported products complexity (and of advanced technologies), and by the other hand, due to the evolution of global demand and offer, that influence the prices of these products. The Popular Republic of China was the country that influenced mostly the increase of international trade with HT products. Four economies – China, United States, EU – 27 and Japan – totalize over one half of the world HT exports. USA and EU registered also the most important commercial deficits in the world in this field until 2008. In 2008, USA deficit turns into commercial surplus in HT area because of the decrease of imports following the crisis. As for Romania, the weight of HT products exports and imports in the whole country’s trade differs from about 4%, in exports case, to about 9-10%, in that of imports. Commercial balance in this field was always in the red. During 2001-2008, the greatest weights in the world trade with HT products have had, in order, the groups: electronics – telecommunications, computers - office equipment, scientific instruments and aerospace industry that summarized over 80% from the total. Generally, exports of less sophisticated HT products are dominated by developing countries and other territories because of the production relocation made by great international companies. Instead of it, the maintaining of developed states in top of the leading exporters of sophisticated HT products highlighted that not all the advanced technologies were transferred to developing countries, but, in general, those technologies less complex, which does not require a major investing effort in research and development.