Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

Number 2, 2017

83-100
Characterization of Palm Fruit Empty Bunches Bio-oil with the Addition of Ni/NZA Catalyst Using Free Fall Pyrolisis Method

Authors: Santiyo Wibowo, Lisna Efiyanti, & Gustan Pari

Abstract

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Number of views: 811

Biomass resource mainly from forest industries waste such as oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) is abundantly available, Currently, the utilization of TKKS as pyrolysis products is still limited to charcoal product, activated charcoal and charcoal briquettes. On the other hand, research on bio-oil manufacturing from biomass using fast pyrolysis method may increase hydrocarbons and calorific values, however the amount of catalyst used is higher than the biomass. is paper Th observes made data and information on the characteristics of bio-oil from oil palm empty fruit bunches through the addition of a catalyst. The yield 30.27%, pH 2.94, specific gravity 1.068, viscosity 44 cSt Ni/NZA as optimal results ( and calorific value29.38 MJ/kg flame medium category . with in ) were obtained with the addition of 6% catalyst The bio-oil produced dominated by acetic acid, phenol and benzene or toluene and there alkene hydrocarbons was , were also compound, for instance hexadecene and aromatic hydrocarbons naphthalene.

101-114
Cost Analysis of Self-Management Felling System: A Case Study in Two Forest Concessionaires, Central Kalimantan

Authors: Soenarno

Abstract

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Number of views: 699

To improve the efficiency of timber harvesting process, forest industries have implemented tree length logging technique. Unfortunately, the effort in utilization as much as the tree parts has not been followed by minimizing the production cost, for example in the felling process. Industries apply a full contract felling system by involving third party even it is considered as an expensive cost. A solution of this problem is by implementing self-management felling system. This paper studies the felling cost conducted by third party and self-management. The study was carried out at two natural forest concessionaires (IUPHHK-HA) Central Kalimantan. Results reveal that self-managed felling system in both 3 3IUPHHK-HA PT. A and PT. B costed about IDR 4,051.11/m and IDR 6,800.11/m , respectively. This cost is , 3cheaper than the contract felling system which is ranged from IDR 6,000 to 7,000/m. Hence, for cost efficency, implementing self-management felling system is recommended.

115-122
HONEYCOMBING AND DEFORMATION OF SIX WOOD SPECIES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH SEVERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Authors: Karnita Yuniarti, Efrida Basri, & Abdurachman

Abstract

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Number of views: 486

It is presumed that the wood susceptibility to drying defects is related to several physical properties. This paper examines the drying defects: honeycombing and deformation of six wood species (trema, fast growing teak, bayur, jabon, angsana and lamtoro) during high temperature drying and analyses their relationship with initial moisture content, T/R shrinkage ratio and density. Terazawa method was used to examine the defect during high temperature drying. Result shows that after high temperature drying, lamtoro suffers the worst honeycombing (level 4-6), and fast growing teak deforms severely (level 4-6). Regression analysis shows multiple regression models using all physical properties as predictors provides better estimation on deformation and honeycombing than single-predictor regression models. The multiple regression model for each defect could explain 57.52% and 39.46% of variation in deformation and honeycombing, respectively.

123-133
Properties and Quality of the Activated Charcoal Made from Cashewnut Shell (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Authors: Dewi Alimah

Abstract

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Number of views: 479

Currently, cashew nut ( L.) shell is abundantly available as waste from chasew nut Anacardium occidentale processing industries. Theoretically, cashew nut shell is potentially used for activated charcoal. This paper studies the properties and quality of activated charcoal made from cashew nut shell. The study also evaluates processing condition in producing optimum quality of activated charcoal. Initially, cashew nut shells were collected and carbonized in 500°C for 3 hours. Then, the charcoal was activated in temperatures of 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The data were then analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey test for further significance test. Results show that chasew nut shell could potentially be used for commercial activated charcoal. The optimum quality of shell's activated charcoal was obtained by activating the charcoal in 1000°C for 90 minutes, that produced charcoal with properties of 0.40% moisture content, 8.85% volatile content, 77.40% fixed carbon content and 131.35 mg/g of methylene blue adsorptive capacity. Almost all charcoal's properties met the quality requirement stated in the Indonesian National Standar (SNI 06-37301995) except those of three properties: ash content (13.75%), benzene adsorptive capacity (2.93%) and adsorptive capacity of iodium (703.73 mg/g).

135-143
for Bioethanol Production Yeast Mixed Formulation Made from Sengon Wood Waste

Authors: Ina Winarni, Sri Komarayati, & Djarwanto

Abstract

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Number of views: 768

Currently, bioethanol is one of biofuels which is potentially developed for new and renewable alternative energy. Bioethanol could be fermented from agriculture and forest wastes, with pre-treatment and hydrolysis process before the fermentation. Those process could be carried out by an addition of microbe (yeast). In order to gain greater ethanol content, yeast mixing formulation is crucial to obtain optimum ethanol content. This paper studies the formula of yeast mixing for optimum ethanol production of sengon wood waste. Formulation was conducted by mixing Aspergillus oryzae, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Rhyzopus oryzae and other substances with various treatments. Commercial yeast of 3 – 9% Sacharomyces cerevisae was used as a comparable control. Results showed that 7% yeast mixing was effective to produce 1.569% ethanol content from lignocellulose fermentation. The ethanol content is relatively greater than those of commercial yeast which constitutes of about 0.652% ethanol content.