Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

231-243

Authors: Ina Winarni & T. Beuna Bardant

Various sawmilling industries of high, medium and small enterprises operate in Indonesia. During log conversion into sawn timber, wood waste occurs in the form of left over cut and sawdust. Small cut waste is lignocellulose material which is potentially used for bioethanol production. This paper studies the possibility of bioethanol production from sengon sawmill waste. High loading substrate method was applied by hydrolizing high concentration substrate, i.e 15, 25 and 35% and two concentrations of enzymes (12.5 and 15 FPU/g substrate). Result showed that the treatment of 25% substrate concentration and 15 FPU/g cellulase substrate produced the highest reducing sugar of 248.3 mg/mL, while the substrate concentration of 35% generated the highest ethanol content i.e 17.7% and recovery about 38.4%. It can be concluded that the high loading substrate method could increase the ethanol concentration made from sengon wood waste.

255-262

Authors: Aam Aminah, Supriyanto, Iskandar Zulkarnaen Siregar dan Ani Suryani

Malapari (Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre) is one of the most potential biodiesel raw materials to be developed in Indonesia. The plant is naturally distributed from Sumatera to Papua. However, oil content and its physico-chemical properties of malapari originated from Java was limitedly known. This study investigates chemical composition of malapari seeds, identifies fatty acid composition of the produced seed oil and characterises physico-chemical properties of malapari oil. Composition of chemical content of malapari seeds was analyzed through proximate analysis. Physico-chemical properties of malapari oil were analyzed using the ASTM test method. Results showed that Batukaras population is the best population to be used as biodiesel raw material source because it has the highest value of oil content. Besides, the Batukaras population has the lowest specific gravity, viscosity and acid value. Malapari oil is dominated by oleic and linoleic fatty acids which are potentially unsaturated fatty acids for biodiesel. Value of fatty acids (oleic and linoleic) and physico chemical properties (specific gravity and calorific value) of pongamia crude oils suggested that the five populations have been eligible for biodiesel feedstock.

289-301

Authors: Jasni, Ratih Damayanti & Rohmah Pari

Natural durability of each bamboo species is different, thus information on natural durability of bamboo species is important for its utilization. This paper investigates the natural resistance of bamboo species against subterranean termites as a basis for species classification. Twenty species of bamboo from various regions in Indonesia (West Java, Banten, the Central of Java, Lampung and Bogor Botanical Garden) were tested against subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren according to SNI 7204-2014. Parameters observed were weight loss percentage of bamboo, survival rate of the termites and degree of attack (subjectively). Results showed that based on the weight loss, three bamboo species could be grouped into resistance class I, five species into class II, three species into class III, seven species as class IV and two species as class V. Based on the survival rate of the termites, one of the bamboo species was classified in class I, four species in class II, one species in class III, 11 species in class IV, and three species in class V. Furthermore, according to the degree of attack, four species were heavily damaged, while 16 species showed moderately damage. From the result, it can be concluded that one species of bamboo namely apus (Gigantochloa apus) has the highest resistance class (class I), and four other species of bamboo namely hitam (G. atroviolacea), kuring (G. kuring), india/tulda (Bambusa tulda) and lemang (Schizostachyum brachycladum), were classified in resistance class II. In the utlization, the five species of bamboo can be used without preservation, while the remaining 15 species of bamboo in resistance class III V should be - preserved before using.