Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

10-19

Authors: Gunawan Pasaribu

Ram is an additional compound used in the processingof toddy traditional beverage such as tuak (Batak's beverage).It is made from stem bark of certain species and is claimedto be a preservative as ivell as taste-enriching substance of the bevemge. Accordingto the local traditional knoivledge,ram also can reduce the level of blood sugar. The oijective of this study uere to explorespecies that are used toproduce ram, to determinetheir bioactivecompounds, and to investigate the effectiveness of ram extraaiues in reducing blood sugar level. The last oijective was approximatedfry evaluating the effectiveness of the substance to inhibit alpha glucosidase activity. Exploration atjive locations in North Sumatra resultedin fonrram-producing species, i.e. Corylelobinm melano:iglon Pierre, Corylelobium lanceolatum Craib, Sborea balanocarpoides Sym and Vatica peraeensis King. All of these ram-producing species contain jlavonoid, saponin and tannin, The crude extracts obtained from rejmx and maceration tmthod uerefound to be able to inhibit alpha glucosidal seactivity up to 88-97%. The crude extract of Shore balanocarpoides exhibits the best peiforfllance, with an Inhibiting bility equivalent topatented dmg (Gl11cobay).

33-45

Authors: Gustan Pari

This paper deals with the effect ef cellulose incorporation on charcoal structure at various carbonization temperatures.The charcoalwasproduced.ft"om carboniZf1tion ef a 40 : 60 simulated mixture of lignin and cellulose 11sing an electrical!J heated steel retort at various temperatures ranging.from 200°C to 850°C. The changesin the chemical structurefromraw material(uncarbonized)to lignin-cellulosecharcoal (carbonized)wereevaluatedusing nano• scale instruments,i.e. FIIR (Fourier TransformInfra red), XRD (X-RayDiffraction)and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope).FTIRspectra revealed that the most significant change in chemicalstructureef charcoaloccurred at 500°C-750°C.The absorption band intensity ef OH and C=C bonds in the charcoal tended to decrease with increasing carbonization temperatures. I.ignin-cellulose charcoalproduced at 850°C indicatively possessed C-H bonds from the aliphatic and C-0-C bondsfrom the aromatic structures. Resultsfrom XRD assessment strong/y suggested that the width of aromatic layers (LJ and the interl(f)ler spacing (d) of aromatic sheets in the charcoal decreased alongwith the increase of carbonization temperatures. On the other hand, the increase in carbonization temperature sbrought about the increasesin the height (LJ, crystalinity degree(X), and the average number ef aromaticf(f)lers (a~. SEM analysis showed that the number and size efpores on lignin-cellulose charcoalincreased with increasing carbonization temperatures.In general, carbonization temperature cf 85(C resultedin carbon withfavorable qualities.As such the produced charcoal exhibited crytallinity degreeat 35.0%, height ef aromaticlayer (LJ 3.22 nm, width of aromaticlayers (LJ 9.18 nm, number ef aromaticlayers (NJ 9, and the distance betueen aromatic layers consemtive!J 0.36 nm (df002) and 0.21 nm (droo) with pore diameter ef 2.3 µm. This lignin-cellulose charcoal afforded more regularity in structure, higher crystaliinity degree,lesspolarity, and largermacroporesas comparedto charcoal produced with out incorporating cellulose

56-66

Authors: Djoko Purwanto

Indonesia is the largestCPO {CmdePalm Oil) producer. CPO processing prod11cesa largeamount of solidwast« (shell),Jhich mqy be utilized to produce charcoal, hence providingmore value-added The oijective of this sttl cly mas to investigate the appropriate temperatureand time of carbonization 11 011 the quality of palm shell charcoal. Three carbonization tmly eratures (40(/C, 50(/ C, 60(/C,) and three carbo11izatio11 durations(2,3 and 4 hours)wereapplied. The best charcoal mas obtained 11si11g 50(/ - 60(/C with 2-3 bouts of carbonization.The produced charcoal has 7,032,22-7,177.87 cal/g calorific val11e, 66.79-77.73 carbon content,0.29-0.53 water content,7.90-16.44 ash content, 11egatives11/f11rcontenta, nd 11.9 3-19-99%volatile matterco 11/enl.

78-85

Authors: Jamal Balfas

Durabiliry is an important criteriaef wood qualiry. This stuefy examined the durability ef 15 local wood species against termitesas wellas marine borers. Wood samples meamriug 5.0c111(length) x 2.5C111 (ividth) x 2.0 cm (thick)were exposed to dry-wood termites (Cryptoterms cephahalus Light). Othersamples measuring 2.0 cm (length) x 0.5cm (width) x 0.5cm (thick)were tested agains tsubterranean termites (Coptotermems rvignatus Hohngreen). For the test Again stmarine borers,the sauiples were 30 cm (length) x 5 cm (width)x 2.5cm (thick). The test revealedthat none of the 15 species tested were durable against1J1ari11e borers attack. Only 011e species was considered with high durabiliry against dry-uood termites, namely tarisi(Albizialebbeck Benth). Likewise, only 011e species was sufficiently durable against subterranean termites,i.e. kayu putih (melaleuca cajuputi powell).