Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

211-225

Authors: Dian Anggraini & Han Roliadi

Small-scalepaperboard industriesin Indonesia are mrrentfyfaced with theptvcumnent continuity offibrous raw nyaterial(partim/arfypulp and wastepaper).Wastes ofpal11J-oil processing as e11Jpty oil-palmfruit bunches (EOPFB),inherentfy ligno-cellulosicfibers,are abundantfy available;and asyet have not been utilized comnyercialfy,hence indicating their potential uses as raw materialfor suchpaperboard industries.In relevant, the BO PFB has been experimentally pt1lped usinghot soda semi-chemicalprocess i11 the se11Jipilotscale closed (pressurized)digester, emplf!Ying thefixed cooking condition, i.e. soda (NaOH) concentration 10%, EOPFB toliquor ratio 1:5.5,and maximto temperaf11re 120 'C held for 2 hours. This digester serves as a part of eqnipmenf etnpl(!)led in S11Jall-scalepaperboard manufacttlre.The EOPFB pt1lpyield reached 60.17%. Paperboardsheet iuasformed in a small-scalepaperboard industry-from EOPFB pt1lp (100%);andfrom its mixtur« with wastepaper andpaper-tnill slt1dge(50%:25%:25%),eachfiber stt1ffs incorporating the additives (i.e. 5% kaolinfiller,2% alum retention aid, and 4% tapiocabinder).Strengthproperties ofpaperboardfrom the mixed sttifft (EOPJ-13 pulp, wastepaper,and slt1dge) were somewhat lowerthan those of 100% EOPFBpulp, but better than thoseproduced hy small-scalepaperboardindustriesthat use raw nyaterial of maste paper - sludge mixture (50%:50%,withot1t additives);and could mostfy satiify the standard requirementfor commercialpaperboard,exceptfor burs» index and tear index.These shortcon Jings can expectedly beimproved thro11ghthe use of rosin-soapsizing and greateramount of tapioca binder.

234-237

Authors: Sri Komarayati,Gusmailina & Gustan Pari

research on intregrated manufacture of charcoal and wood vinegar was alreatfy carried out in the modified kiln constructed of double drum combined with a condensing technique device, therel: Jyielding not only charcoal but also concurrent!J distillateliquid or the so called wood vinegar (liquidsmoke). The kiln operated IJJith a batch system, and the raw materialfor such was astesfrom wood processing industries. This researchaims to look intothe manufacturaes well as qualities of charcoal and wood vinegar bothproduced concu entlyusing the double drum type carbonization kiln, and smltinize theprospective usesof the latterprodua. Resultsrevealedthat the kilnturned out as much as 6.00-15.00 kg of charcoaland 2.40-4.40kg of wood vinegar. Based on theinputcharge of raw material, the charcoaiyieldreached9.90-21.08%, and wood vinegaryield 4.95 - 7.3 5%. The chemicalcomponents in wood vinegar as identified using highperformance liquid chromatograplny (HPLC)and gas chromatograplly (GC)consisted of consecutively acetic acid (21.31ppm- 30.05 ppm), methanol (0.44% -1.15%) and phenol (52.41 ppm - 63.26 ppm).Results of anaflsisusingGCM.S(aschromatograplly-mass spectrometry) pyrolisis exhibited that the wood vinegaryielded l:J each species of wood waste contained as many as 20-32 chemical components, which differedfrom one species to another. The nutrient elements in the resultingwood vinegar comprised C organic(6.12- 7.35%), N total(0.62-0.67%), P,01total(0.24-0.31%,), and K,0 total(0.31-0.36%).Usesof wood vinegar were numerous, among others as food preservative,pesticideandplantdiseaseremetfy,organic liquidfertilizer,plant f erlilizer, disinfectantand inhibitorfor microorganisms,andfungiand bacteriaprevention.

259-270

Authors: Sihati Suprapti, Djarwanto & Hudiansyah

Five wood species i.e. ki lubang (Calophyllwngrandiflorwn]JS), ki kuya (Ficus vasculosa WaJL Ex Miq.), ki bulu (Gironnierasubaequalis Planch),ki hantap (SterculiaoblongataRBr.) and ki bancet(Tu.rpinia sphaerocarpaHassk.) were evaluated its resistanceproperry against elevenfimgalattacks usingKolle-flashmethods. Sampies of every woods pecies wereext ractedfrom two differenttree stands,divided radially into twogroups,narnel Jouter and inner parts of log. Results indicated that C. grandiflorum, G.subaequalis and T. sphaerocarpa were moderate!Jresistant (classIII), while,S. oblongata andF. vasculosa werenot resistant (class TV). Thepercentageof samplesweight loss on tree-I was lower than that on tree-II,however both are categorizedas not resistantwood (class IV). Co1nparingof those two samplesgroups, the weightloss-of the innerpart was lower than that of the outerpart of logs, nevertheless thry are both classified as not resistantwood (class IV) to thefangalattack. The highest weight loss was encountered on both the outer and inner logparts of tree I and II of S. oblongata and F. vasculosa exposed to Pycnoporussanguineus HHBI-324~ 40%).