Journal of Exercise, Sports & Orthopedics

Number 2, 2014

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The Relationship between Medical and Wellness Therapies in the Treatment of Chronic Musculoskeletal Diseases

Authors: Szilvia Boros* and Mike Wallace

Abstract

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Number of views: 581

According to the latest scientific estimation, approximately 100 million citizens in the European Union are suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain [1]. For example in Hungary, 47.9 % of men over 65 years and 48.9% of women over 62 years suffer from back pain [2]. Behind non-specific musculoskeletal complaints a number of risk factors can be detected [3]. such as genetic predisposition, obesity, extreme height, spinal deformities, pregnancy, psychological stress , stress arising from family conflicts, anxiety, depression, ageing , work-related stress (insecure working conditions, limited personal decision-making opportunities, minimum workplace autonomy, lack of job satisfaction, monotony, intense pace of work, unrealistic expectations, etc ).

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Atraumatic Extensor Hallucis Longus Rupture

Authors: Gennady Kolodenker*, Michael Heaslet and David Yang

Abstract

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Number of views: 538

This article is a case presentation of a rare finding in tendon injuries. Atraumatic extensor hallucis longus tendon rupture with surgical repair and recovery. Patients do well with primary repair of the tendon. Keywords: Atraumatic Extensor Hallucis Longus Rupture; Spontaneous Tear

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Approximation of the CoM Estimate

Authors: Raymond Chong

Abstract

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Number of views: 536

The extent to which small errors from simplified methods of measurements can be tolerated may be useful for clinical studies where time and logistical considerations often override the need to be very precise. We demonstrate here two kinematic methods to approximate the vertical trajectory of the body center of mass (CoM) during walking: the mid-shoulder and navel regions compared to a full-body CoM model. The navel marker achieved a near-perfect correlation with the CoM model for displacement and velocity. In the acceleration data, deviations from the CoM model for both the navel and mid-shoulder markers were observed around the points of inflection. The estimation of CoM displacement and velocity using the navel marker appears to be adequate for clinical use in comparing between subjects, while CoM acceleration may be more suited for studying the relative change between conditions in the same subject. Keywords: Center of mass; Gait; Human; Kinematics; Motion analysis; Walking

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Influence of Stretching and Strengthening of the Iliopsoas Associated with Lumbar Segmental Stabilization Exercises in Patients with Low Back Pain: The pilot study

Authors: Claudia Puzzoni Volpato, Marco Aurélio Nemitalla Added, Graziella Candido de Paula X. Richter, Valter Tanaka, Nilza Aparecida Almeida de Carvalho and Diego Galace de Freitas

Abstract

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Number of views: 505

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the principal causes of incapacity. One treatment approach for this pathology involves segmental stabilization. The iliopsoas muscle is also considered a potential stabilizer of the lumbar spine. Objective: To compare the effects of stretching and strengthening of the iliopsoas muscle associated with segmental stabilization versus stabilization alone, in the treatment for LBP. Methods: Fourteen patients were randomized into three groups. The first group was given only segmental stabilization training (ST); the second was submitted to ST and stretching of the iliopsoas muscle (ST-Stretch), and the third was given ST and strengthening of the iliopsoas (ST-Strength). Results: The group ST (p = 0.006) and ST-Strength (p=0.092) showed significant improvement in the VAS scale. The extension flexibility showed statistically significant improvement in the group ST- strength group (p=0.038). Conclusion: ST alone, or associated with strengthening of the iliopsoas, proved more effective for improving lumbar pain and flexibility compared to ST Stretch. Keywords: Low Back Pain; Lumbar Spine; Stability; Psoas Muscle

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Long-term Stretching Program in Older Active Adults Increases Muscle Strength

Authors: Takayuki Inami* and Takuya Shimizu

Abstract

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Number of views: 536

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term and repeated bout effects of static stretching (SS) program in older active adults, and to clarify the effects of flexibility on muscle strength of knee and trunk. The subjects were healthy active adults (aged 67–80 years). The intervention group (n = 7) performed the SS program for 1 year and an additional period of 2 years. The SS program was configured to target the body’s major muscle groups, and the exercises were performed five times a week. The peak torques in extension and flexion of knee and trunk (isokinetic contraction 60°/ sec) were obtained from isokinetic dynamometer, and sit and reach test was assessed yearly. As a result, flexibility was increased by 31% during the first SS intervention (period of 1 year), and muscle strength were also increased by about 10% to 17%. Additionally, a higher effect was obtained by the second SS intervention (period of 2 years). We found a significant correlation between the magnitude of changes in flexibility and muscle strength. Therefore, the repetition of an SS program is important for improving or maintaining flexibility and muscle strength in older active adults. Keywords: Sit and Reach Test; Static Stretching Program; Flexibility; Long-term Repeated bout effect

10
Spectrum of skeletal tuberculosis in children

Authors: Pinheiro Pedro Carlos

Abstract

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Number of views: 559

Treatment of tuberculosis remains controversial to date as it comprises a serious public health problem issue. Over the last 50 years, many empirical therapeutic compositions have been made. Throughout the world, immunodeficiency virus infection entails one of the diseases responsible for the increase in the number of cases in children. Its eradication has not been effected. Some works on spine tuberculosis (involving from 25% to 60% of cases) in children, support the conservative method, while others prefer surgical procedures. The purpose of this study is to investigate treatment results in children displaying skeletal osteoarticular tuberculosis manifestations, using the modern multidrug chemotherapy treatment protocol and cast immobilization. Methods: The research was performed based on a study of the records of a conservative series of 94 patients diagnosed with osteoarticular tuberculosis. The sample enclosed in the study was that of children with pure bone tuberculosis or associated with other tuberculosis foci. All the patients were treated by our department´s standard protocol, based on antituberculous drugs (rifampicim, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) plus cast immobilization. Statistical analysis was performed by means of a “one-way” study of variance and Kruskal-Wallis (nonparametric test). Tukey`s test was also used as well as the chi-square X2 or the Fisher accuracy test at a 5% level. Results: A satisfactory result was obtained with conservative treatment (antituberculous drugs and cast immobilization) using our department´s standard protocol. Significant relationship exists between the affected site and the age (p=0.012). The hip group showed a significant higher average age than the affected thoracic and lumbar spine group. A Significant relationship was observed between the affected hip and time in cast (p=0.0001). This means that the hip group presented a median time in cast significantly lower than the affected thoracic and lumbar spine group. There is no significant difference in follow-up time (p=0.54) between the hip, the thoracic and the lumbar spine. Conclusions: After analyzing the therapy method based on antituberculous drugs and plaster cast immobilization, we conclude that employment of the standard protocol treatment, together with modern multidrug chemotherapy and cast were operational, justifiable and productive; it can also be used as an alternative therapeutic procedure for this specific disease. Keywords: Tuberculosis; Bone tuberculosis; Cast immobilization Level of evidence: Level – I Therapeutic Studies-Investigating the results of treatment Prognostic Studies.