Philological Treatises

8-11

Authors: Anokhina T.

The article opens a brief overview on lacunology as a newborn science, which is adherent to sociolinguistics, nonverbal semiotics and applied linguistics (the object of investigation). The research of lacunology considers the empty places of zero verbalization. The investigation is being conducted in the lingo-cognitive approach in terms of language (i), speech (ii), and speech behavior (iii). The paper is aimed at materializing idea of scientific picture of lacunology and its tomorrow’s vistas. The philosophic triad (to be or not to be, to cognize or not, status of people in cognition) is being solved here positively. There exist white gaps (lacunae) in the world pictures, which with times are cognized and verbalized. Relevant methods are involved. Priority is given to etymological, conceptual, componential, and translation analyses. The choice of methods is determined by the nature of empiric facts and aims to investigate them. The basic metasigns in the lacunicon vicinity make an urgent and actual problem for further investigation. Key words: lacunology, lacunicon, language/speech cognition lacunae, scholars overviews.

20-31

Authors: Dorda V. O.

The research aims to identify the social parameters of American students in the prism the relevant type of slang. During the analysis of the younger generation’s distinctive features from the society in general, the author considers such basic elements as age (19-24), occupation (training and leisure) and the place (university, college). Students are a group of young people who receive higher education which provides them not only with the skills in a particular major, but also conveys the individual socio-cultural values, society culture, and contributes to successful integration into society. The process of socialization is vividly displayed in the American students’ speech, including the usage of slang.). The author analyses the American students as a distinct society with its universal language and lingual features on the basis of defined socio-cultural aspects (autonomy, socialization, self-presentation, the system of value priorities, behavior standards, data interpretation, closedness). Keywords: social parameters, American student slang, socio-cultural aspects.

37-44

Authors: Zatsnyi Y. A., Yankov A. V.

The paper analyses the core of medical vocabulary, its terminology as far as the etymological aspect is concerned. It describes the original sources of formation, semantic evolution and paradigmatic combinability of the core medical vocabulary. Special attention is given to the role played by the elements of classical languages in medical vocabulary both diachronically and synchronically. On the material of modern borrowings operating in medical lexicon, we show that although Greek and Latin roots and morphemes should be regarded the core of medical terminology in English, together with its own (Germanic material) and borrowed from Romanic languages, UNDER CONDITIONS of information revolution terminological system continues the processes of borrowings from modern languages together with borrowings of relevant concepts. Key words: borrowing, core, element, etymology, semantics, terminology.

50-61

Authors: Tatsenko N. V.

The article presents systematization of linguistic interpretations of empathy as a cognitive and affective phenomenon, and representation of different approaches to its explication in modern linguistics. The correlation between emotionality and emotiveness is analyzed in the sphere of empathic communicative interaction within the framework of linguistic emotiology. It has been found out that the categories of expressiveness, intensiveness, emotiveness and evaluativeness are structural components and at the same time determinants of empathy, the presence of which in communication complexes provides rational axiomatic tolerance and efficiency of communication, and realization of empathic implicatures integrating into the phenomenon of verbal representations. Key words: empathy, empathic communication, empathic implicatures, emotiveness, expressiveness, intensiveness, evaluativeness

67-74

Authors: Shchyhlo L. V.

The article deals with the theoretical and methodological framework of integrative approach to the modeling of the translation process from a position of integrative discourse analysis, basing on three phases of the translation process – creative, receptive and recreative that highlights the real se¬mantic dynamics taking place within translation’s literary discourse. Discourse analysis is productive for translation theory only if translation itself is an interdiscourse activity considering both linguistic and extralinguistic factors. Integrative translation studies make it possible to understand the translation process as a kind of cognitive translators’s activity taking into account the creativity of the language personality, as well as a whole range of factors that determine and accompany translation process. The creativity of language personality of a translator refers to an inner resource of a translator that eliminates the stereotypical ways of his thinking and discovers new methods of solving translation problems. Keywords: discourse ontology of translation, discourse analysis, integrative approach, integrative model of translation, language personality of a translator.

85-94

Authors: Kalantayevska G. P.

The article deals with attitude of B. Antonenko-Davydovych to mass passion of students of 1920s for literary work and his opinion about graphomania as one of the displays of such passion. The author considers numerous nationwide character traits, such as respect for antiquity, disposition to heated discussions, contempt for violence and love for freedom, mentioned by the writer; draws attention to the phenomenon of “social entry into literature” by giving examples of various psychological types of untalented beginning poets and self-loving madmen, motives and goals they set, means they use to make editorial offices accept their works. The author points out that B. Antonenko-Davydovych’s derisive tone emphasizes his deep knowledge of human mind, Ukrainian mentality, harmonizes with his satirical attitude to ignorant pen-pushers and compassion for a handful of gifted beginners. The research proves that by applying his method of travel the writer has created a general picture of readership of provincial cities with the spirit of national rebirth, self-development, creative rush and aspiration for knowledge. Key words: national character traits, readership, beginning poet, graphomania, psychological type.

100-107

Authors: Chernysh A. E.

The article is dedicated to genre features of the novel-biography by M. Slaboshpytskiy «Things Recorded in the Life Book: Mychailo Kotsubynskyi» demonstrating new formations in form and text constructions on biographical material. Based on the novel biography of M. Kotsyubynskyi it is found out that originality of the genre «orchestration» of the novel is consonant with stylistic tendencies of this work. The multiplicity of narrative structures leads to self-narration of the hero and other forms of narration such as heteronarration of the author-narrator and homonarration with individual «voices». The chronotope of M. Slaboshpytskyi’s novel «Things Recorded in the Life Book: Mychailo Kotsubynskiy» basically forms the space of native home, Kononovka, Chernihiv and Capri, forming the ragged peculiarity of the arts biography. Intertextuality is presented on the system of different text relationships (paratextuality, metatextuality, arhitextuality). Key words: genre, style, intertext, chronotope, narratology.

7-13

Authors: Андрейко Л. В.

У статті пропонується огляд теоретичних засад щодо вивчення стратегій очуження та одомашнення в зарубіжному та українському перекладознавстві. Особливу увагу звернено на стильотворчу та смислотворчу функцію інтертекстуальних одиниць в художньому творі, зокрема на те, що читач перекладу має не лише отримати інформацію, але й інтерпретувати її, актуалізуючи численні посилання на інші джерела. Здійснено критичний аналіз застосування стратегій очуження та одомашнення при перекладі інтертекстуальних одиниць. В перекладацькій практиці стратегія очуження реалізується шляхом дослівного перекладу інтертекстуальних одинць і супроводження їх коментарем. Найсуттєвішим недоліком такого прийому можна вважати втрату „радості впізнавання” цитати, перетворення семантично насиченої частини тексту в нейтральний фон, порушення естетичної цілісності вихідного тексту. Стратегія одомашнення реалізується шляхом „пристосування” вихідних текстів до семіотичного універсуму культури-реципієнта, а саме шляхом заміни функціональним еквівалентом добре відомих в рамках вихідної культури інтертекстуальних ланок. Проте, перекладацькі підходи не можуть бути строго фіксованими, і визначаються в кожному конкретному випадку залежно від перекладацької ситуації, типу вихідного тексту і характеру очікуваного адресата перекладу. Ключові слова: очуження, одомашнення,інтертекстуальність, переклад, художній твір

24-32

Authors: Dehtiarova, L.

Im Artikel werden Qualia oder linguistisch-kulturelle Besonderheiten der Wahrnehmung der schwarzen Farbe in verschiedenen Ethnokulturen erforscht. Im linguokulturellen Kontext der westeuropäischen Mentalität verkörpert die schwarze Farbe in der Regel Trauer, Tod, das Böse, Demut. Die Benutzung des Kontrastes schwarz – weiß symbolisiert den ewigen Wechsel Licht – Finsternis, Leben – Tod, Liebe – Abschied, wodurch alle philosophischen Dinge in der Welt existieren können. Durch die Analyse der literarischen Texte wird die linguistische Verbindung des Wortes „schwarz“ hergestellt. Im Zusammenhang zur Wichtigkeit jener oder anderer Farben und Schattierungen im Alltagsleben können einige davon mehr oder weniger in der Sprache widergespiegelt werden. Die Fähigkeit auf unterschiedliche Weise die Farben wahrzunehmen, hat die Dynamik anhängig von der Stimmung, dem Alter, der Bildung, der Besonderheiten der Natur und des Klimas der Menschen. Es werden auch Qualia oder die mental-psychische subjektive Wahrnehmung der schwarzen Farbe analysiert. Die Emotionen als psychische Erscheinungen der kognitiven Tätigkeit des Menschen, die ein subjektives Bewertungsverhältnis zu existerenden und möglichen Situationen widerspiegeln, sind wenig erforscht und werden unterschiedlich von Autoren, die andere Länder, andere Weltseiten vertreten, begriffen. Mit diesem Problem haben sich J.W. Goethe, J. Itten, H. Kuppers, W.I. Scherzl, D. Dennet, W. Kandinski und andere beschäftigt. Key words: Qualia, Synesthesie,mental, psychisch, schwarze Farbe, Finsternis, Nacht, Tod, TrauerNacht.

39-46

Authors: Кисленко А. Ю., Вашист К. М.

У статті в парадигмі малоформатних комунікативних одиниць розглядаються особливості перекладу текстів-відгуків, що розміщуються в мережі Інтернет. Електронний текст-відгук як якісно новий у своєму форматі, створений на основі первинного тексту, відіграє роль посередника в мовній комунікації і характеризується своєю прагматичною спрямованістю, оціночністю та емотивністю. Електронний текст-відгук – особливий тип вторинного тексту, що характеризується включеністю в гіпертекст, приналежністю до текстів масової комунікації, естетичні принципи якого належать до традиції постмодернізму. Проводиться аналіз засобів реалізації емоцій в електронних текстах-відгуках та способи їх передачі на фонетико-морфологічному, синтаксичному та лексичному рівнях під час перекладу українською мовою. Наведені приклади електронних текстів-відгуків надають можливість зрозуміти, що українська та англійська мови відрізняються не лише деякими ізольованими параметрами, а й усією сукупністю вербальної та невербальної інформації. Ключові слова: електронний текст-відгук, читач-респонсер, емоції, емотивність, емотив, афектив, конотатив.

57-64

Authors: Косенко Ю. В., Коробка А.

У статті розглядаються способи вербальної репрезентації лінгвокультурного концепту FASHION на матеріалі англомовного газетного дискурсу. Основну увагу звернено на структурний аналіз концепту FASHION – виявлення ядра та периферії, визначення макрообластей та дефінітивний аналіз номінацій, що складають синонімічний ряд імені концепту FASHION. Аналізується участь синонімів номінації fashion, в тому числі лексема style, а також їх функціонування в сучасній англійській мові. Лексичні засоби вербалізації концепту відображають семи, що подаються англомовними тлумачними словниками та актуалізуються у британському газетному дискурсі. Таким чином визначено найуживаніші значення лексем-вербалізаторів концепту FASHION. Ключові слова: когнітивна лінгвістика, концепт “fashion”, концептуальний аналіз, газетний дискурс, дефінітивний аналіз номінацій, феномен мода.

69-74

Authors: Nazarenko O., Ivanenko O.

The article offers theoretical overview of creating proper names by means of conversion, derivation and stems combining in the English and Ukrainian languages. As far as like common name, proper name represents motivated sign, fixed in the process of communication, the attention is paid to appealing of proper names in modern fairy tale discourse to commons names that demands sophisticated readers to understand narrator's intentions. In the article the difference in creating proper names in English and Ukrainian is vividly shown because of specifications of both languages. Contrastive analysis of word building and word formation theory allows to confer ways of creating proper names and clearly get narrator's attitude to main characters. Method of reconsidering and rebuilding of already existing lexical units also deserves analyzing. Thus we gain the result that metamorphism is one of the most peculiar specifications of the language which makes it vital. It allows to create new nominations without using new signs and helps communicative acts to be more flexible. The research of semantics and pragmatics of constituent parts of the language is extremely urgent for adequate perception of fairy tale discourse. Key words: proper names, common names, conversion, derivation, word building

82-90

Authors: Подолкова С. В.

У статті розглядаються директивні комунікативні акти в якості компонента прагматичного аспекта текстів технічної реклами, що найбільш інтенсивно реалізують авторську інтенцію. Реалізуючи функцію впливу, директивна інформація сприяє ідентифікації наміру автора, орієнтованої на адресата ілокутивної сили комунікативного акта, декодуванню зміста висловлення. У статті аналізуються специфічні стилістичні риси науково-технічних текстів: об’єктивність, логічність, точність, узагальненість, які обумовлюють використання термінів, термінологічних словосполучень, пасивних конструкцій та безособовий характер викладення. Ключові слова: науково-технічний текст, текст технічної реклами, директивний комунікативний акт, прагматична настанова, об’єктивність, логічність, точність, узагальненість.

95-102

Authors: Швачко С. О., Кобякова І. К., Сахарова Н. І.

У статті фокусується увага на лексичних, граматичних та морфемних маркерах омовлення категорії негації. Розглядаються вербальні та невербальні засоби категоризації негації, їх взаємодія в англомовному дискурсі. Особлива увага приділяється лексичним негаторам з експліцитним та імпліцитним значенням. Підтверджується думка про мононегативність англійської мови на релевантному емпіричному матеріалі. Осмислюється онтологія діючих метазнаків. Розглядаються питання перспективи подальшого дослідження. Ключові слова: категорія негації, імпліцитне та експліцитне заперечення, полінегативність, мононегативність, вербальні та невербальні засоби., метамова, метазнак, англійська мова.

7-14

Authors: Anokhina, T. О.

The article in question deals with the problem of lacunarity (negation), its properties in the English and Ukrainian languages. The poems «The Arrow and the Song» (H. W. Longfellow) and «The Bells of St. Petersburgh» (Th. Moore) are being contrastively analyzed. Topicality of the theme is verified by the problem itself, which awaits its discussion, and is due to the growing interest of linguists to emerging science – lacunology. At present there works a great impulse to research speech and speech moduses. The paper is aimed at identification of lacuna types, their environment, and synergetic powers of words. The achievements of native and foreign scientists are taken into consideration, let alone subjective generalization. Attention is being paid to the inner laws of related languages. T. Shevchenko idiolect is being briefly touched upon in terms of negation endozone. The differences of languages tell upon their usage. Cf. phenomenon of polynegation or the use of articles. The English language prefers mononegation in contrast to the Ukrainian language. The latter does not like articles. But the communicative effect works wonders in both languages. It is the most lacunar and universe into that. Translation works on and its ways are compression, decompression, lacunarity, modification. Translator texts cope with the original one due to their equivalent pragmatico-semantic loading. Keywords: lacunae, lacunarity, translation, adequacy, interlanguage and intercultural communication

18-24

Authors: Guseva, A. G., & Skryl, O. I.

The article reveals the specific nature of lingua-cultural sources of the child’s comic discourse based on small (jokes, tricks, taunts, teases) and large (films, cartoons, stories) forms of precedent texts. Special attention is given to lingual (stylistics, syntax, morphology) and extralingual (prosodics, graphics) aspects of the comic sources and their functional and ideological ergonomics. The article employs a number of complementary methods including content analysis (for finding lingual components of the precedent texts of the child discourse) and linguostylistic analysis for highlighting the stylistic means of creating the comic effect). Keywords: child, comic discourse, lingua-cultural sources, precedent texts, function

34-72

Authors: Marchenko, T. A., & Marchenko, Ye. O.

The article deals with the changes in the terminological system of vegetable names by borrowing lexical units at all levels of the Ukrainian language, which makes it possible to predict further modifications in the system. The analysis of phonetic, lexical and grammatical derivational changes in terms of this group and syntactic features of borrowed terms in modern Ukrainian literary language had been also considered. The illustration of examples from the literature shows the diversity of the terms’ use in the artistic style of speech. A characteristic feature of this terminology is such that it can freely, without changing the form, move from one language style to another. We used the methods of comparative, etymological analysis, which allowed proving the fact that German and Polish were the most effective languages for the system of vegetable names because of their grammatical structure being very close to Ukrainian, and this contributes to better learning in the future new terms on the basis of the Ukrainian language. Keywords: terminological system, vegetable names, borrowed words, producer-language, Ukrainian Literary Language, foreign words.

49-54

Authors: Prokopenko, N.

The article is devoted to a complex linguostylistic category, that of expression, which is considered in a relation to othe problems associated with connotative resources of a language system, its norms and usage. The essence of expressiveness as a notion and its implementation in certain functional styles are paid attention too. The nature of expression isrealized at the intersection of stylistics, semantics and pragmatics of the language. The article includes a theoretical grounding of the category of expression in the linguistic works of famous scientists (V. V. Vinogradov, O. I. Smirnitski, D. M. Shmeleva, etc.): theses being important for the research in question. We paid attention on consideration of expression not only as an intralanguage phenomenon, but as a category which can affect the outcome statements. There is proposed a definition of expression as a pragmatic rhetorical category, which includes updating the quality of linguistic expression through connotative possibilities of language resources. Keywords: expressivity, expression, norm, connotation, pragmatics, style

63-71

Authors: Sadovnikova, O. P.

Advertising is a part of national information space, it is born in a particular ethnocultural system, it a priori has a corresponding linguocultural code. To achieve the goal of advertising national, cultural and mental peculiarities of potential recipients should be taken into account. Advertising messages on ukrainian television, particularly their text conten?t became the object of observations. It was found out that about 20% of them are appealing to the cultural ethnic knowledge of the recipients. Verbalization of cultural ethnic content of advertising messages takes place because of the use of nationally marked vocabulary, that includes such concepts as words with no direct equivalents in other languages, namely realia words (exoticisms and barbarisms) and background vocabulary (words-symbols). The selection of nationally marked lexical items in advertising messages was made by the following criteria: 1) semantic ones: presence in the structure of the lexical meaning of seme "national" (ethnic, folk, symbolic), 2) grammatic ones – authentic units and borrowed units, were analyzed according to formal indices, 3) functional-stylisticones creation of national coloring. Keywords: cultural ethnic content of advertising, words with no direct equivalents in other languages, realia words, background vocabulary.

78-86

Authors: Sukhovetska, L. V.

The paper considers how the evaluative activity of human mind affects the process of formation of directive speech acts. The author summarizes and concretizes the interpretation of evaluation. With the previous researches taken into account the article сonfirms the presence of an axiological component in political discourse, determines the correlation between such categories as evaluation and motivation. The results of the research identify the functioning of explicit and implicit directive speech acts, motivated by the negative evaluation of the addressee, demonstrate the speaker’s appeal to general and concrete evaluative meanings. It has been found that the electorate’s evaluation highlights subjects of authority, their activity and the results of their activity. The pragmatic aspect is represented by the functioning of the speech acts of demand, prohibition, warning, appeal and proposition. Keywords: evaluation, pejorative, political discourse, imperative, directive

95-104

Authors: Tsolin, D. V.

This article is concerned with correlation between metaphor and syntax in poetical discourse in two types of versification – the archaic parallel verse which is oriented to certain syntactic models, and later verse patterns which are not bound to syntactic structures. The Biblical Hebrew poetry, its paraphrases in Aramaic, and Jewish liturgical poetry in Aramaic of 4-th – 8-th centuries have been chosen as research materials. The Hebrew poetry (along with other ancient Middle East poetical traditions – Akkadian, Ugaritic and Egyptian) demonstrates the syntactically-oriented type of versification: two parallel lines-clauses have similar syntactic constructions (so called ‘mirror’ parallelism of syntax) which are united with apposition. In this type of poetical structures the parallelism of metaphors coincides with the syntactic parallelisms: it is the most optimal mode of correlation between syntax and metaphor. However, the later poetical traditions (including most of the modern forms of poetry) are not tied to certain syntactic patterns: they are oriented rather to rhythm and phonetic devices than to the syntax models. There are not any syntactic ‘standards’ for these poetical structures: a line can coincide with a clause, its part or phrase (in the ancient syntactically-oriented poetry was the rule line = clause); two lines are not necessary parallel in their structures (without the ‘mirror’ effect). Does it mean that syntax is not important for the metaphorical aspect of poetry? How the metaphors are correlated with syntax in these new poetical forms? To investigate this problem another type of poetry in Semitic languages has been analyzed – the Jewish liturgical poems in Aramaic of 4-th – 8-th centuries. So called piyyutim (פיוטים) – the liturgical poems – are built without any linkage with special syntactic models: the main demands for poetical structures are acrostic, measured rhythm and line-based structure (the pre-classical piyyutim); acrostic, rhythm, strophe-based structure and regular rhyme (the classical piyyutim). This poetry is close to many modern poetical forms, so, our conclusions may cover correlation between metaphor and syntax in poetry in general. In spite of the fact that certain syntactic patterns are not necessary for the new poetical forms, any kind of poetry has rhythm-syntactic nature: even in non-oriented syntactically poetry a colon coincides with a syntagma, a foot coincides with a word; but in the syntactically-oriented poetry the level of involvement of syntax in the verse structures is higher: a line coincides with a clause, and correlation of line is regulated strictly (see above). What about the correlation between syntax and metaphor in the new poetry? Firstly, in the case of the non-oriented syntactically poetry the metaphor is expressed with the same syntactic means which are used in the non-poetical forms of discourse (prose, rhetoric, etc.), but the syntax is adapted to the norms of versification as much as possible. Secondly, emphatic syntactic construction is integrated into the verse structures and harmonized with the phonetic standards of poetry. Thirdly, the special poetical syntax is characterized with terseness of phrases and clauses, as well as rhythm-syntactic discrecity of a poetical line. In combination with semantic, rhythmic and phonetic devices, these specificities create possibilities for hypersematization of elements of language and strengthening of emotional expressivity in the poetical text. The main conclusion of the article is: in the poetical discourse syntax has two functions, both of which are realized in close interaction with the rhythm-phonetic system of the verse – coherent and emphatic functions. This interaction yields some specificities of the poetical syntax: the preference for short constructions (including ellipsis), the freer word-order (in comparison with prose), and the measured syntagmatic discrecity. The most intensively the means of semantic and emotional expressivity are used just in poetry.

113-122

Authors: Shchyhlo, L. V.

The main point of this article is discourse analysis as a tool for translation and for linguistic research. Discourse analysis is productive for translation theory only if translation itself is an interdiscourse activity considering both linguistic and extralinguistic factors. Integrative translation studies make it possible to understand the translation process as a kind of cognitive translators’s activity taking into account the creativity of the language personality, as well as a whole range of factors that determine and accompany translation process. In linguistics, discourse analysis can also be a helpful tool for the translator. The author focuses on the correlation of the terms “text” and ”discourse”, on the semantic and lexicographical aspects of translation process. Keywords: discourse, text, discourse analysis, integrative approach, lexicography, translation.

130-137

Authors: Zhylenko, I.

The article deals with the publicistic heritage of the Norwegian writer Knut Hamsun. It is being pointed out that the thematic constituent is changing as the years go by. In his early works he pays attention to the evolution of the literature, gives lectures on the works of famous men of letters. The second period is devoted to themes of a village, youth, and social issues. Itinerary essays tell about other countries – Finland, Russia, Turkey, and Persia. The latest period of his creative work is political rhetoric in support of the Hitler’s policy and diary notes. Attention is paid to the genre peculiarities of the writer’s works. Keywords: worldview position, esthetic program, civilization advance

146-154

Authors: Kleymenova, T. V.

The article analyses the anti-war novelette of a little-known Ukrainian writer Ivan Sadovy “The Dance of Death”. National, social, psychological, philosophical, moral and ethical problems, ideas and style features of the work about the life of a western Ukraine village during World War I are determined. It is proved that the novelette “The Dance of Death” is a result of the writer's modernistic search. It clarifies the specific interpretation of war as nonsense, chaos that wants to destroy humanity and the peculiarities of the Ukrainian teacher image at the background of war reality. The author pays attention to autobiographical elements in the event presentation and in the main characters, and his inner world. It emphasizes the requirements of the author (teacher) to the teacher personality in difficult and dangerous conditions. Keywords: novelette, anti-war pathos, ideological and thematic originality, existential component of the style, an image of people's teacher.

163-169

Authors: Cherkashyna, T. Y.

The article is devoted to the theoretical study of the autobiography, autobiographical novel and autofictional novel as genres of the autobiographical writing. The author of the article establishes that autobiographical writing, as a component of the literary documentary works, is directed to the integration of factuality and fiction at all text levels. But different autobiographical genres have different degree of their correlation. A typical classic reference autobiography directs its attention to the criterion of the factuality. Truthfulness and realness are the basic characteristics of this genre, they are present at all its poetical levels. In the genre of autobiographical novel factual basis takes the shape of the literary work and has fictional traits. In the genre of an autofictional novel, there is an opposite tendency. Factuality becomes component of the fictional literary story. Keywords: autobiography, autobiographical novel, autofictional novel, factuality, fiction

7-14

Authors: Kobzei, N.V.

The article is devoted to the problem of the use of naturalistic works by Vynnychenko so-called «ugly aesthetics», which helped the author in his own way to represent certain aspects of human life, social and personal flaws and imperfections for the purpose of shocking a recipient. The writer was able to show that the« ugly» people have a right to exist in this world, especially their spiritual and moral characteristics are often higher, worthy, better than of those seemingly «beautiful». He proved that the true artist does not have to draw the line between beautiful and ugly, aesthetic and unaesthetic. The above categories should not be an end in itself, but only serve a higher purpose, which perhaps is to achieve harmony. Using «aesthetics of ugliness» Vynnycenko reached significant results in terms of likelihood and circumstances zhyttyevidpovidnosti depiction of human existence and behaved like a true scientist-experimenter. Keywords: ugly aesthetics, doctrine of naturalism, neonaturalizm, aesthetic categories, vital responsibility, art, beauty, ugliness.

22-30

Authors: Matviychuk, U. D.

The paper presents the concept of «musicianship» as artistic and aesthetic phenomenon that manifests itself in rhythmic, fonic, lexical and structural levels of a literary work. The basic literary approaches to the understanding and interpretation of the concept of "musicianship" in the works of modern Ukrainian researchers are represented. The substantive provisions of M. Johansen’s work «Elementary versification laws» related to the metric structure of the poem are reviewed, in particular, the concept "the tempo of the poem", "the metric canon" and "the metric prosaisms". Rhythmic of M. Johansen’s poetry through the prism of music is analyzed. The percentage of used meters in M. Johansen’s poetry and possible musical transformation of literary works are presented. Literary prospects of translation from one art to another (transformation of Metre in certain tunes) are showed that let discover new aesthetic dimensions of literary works. Key words: musicianship, rhythmic, translation from one art to another, Metre

38-46

Authors: Anokhina,T. О.

The paper has revealed how lacunae can be eliminated (omission) or filled (addition). In fact, the technology of lacunae interpretation is still open. In terms of translation debates it relates to domestication and foreignization area of translation techniques. Lacunae are very closed off and inaccessible and only the “outside” parts of the lacunar artifacts or phenomena, often implicit, so translations must preserve lacunae to be lacunae or reveal the lacunae thus eliminating them. The “inside” and the “outside” of lacunar artifacts and phenomena depend upon a translator. The commentary can be added in the book, a footnote added in the article and the extensive commentary may be missed in speech. Thus, the techniques of elimination and adding work or fail. Key words: gaps, lacunае, language, speech, knowledge gaps, scientists reviews

53-60

Authors: Baranova, S. V.

The article deals with the current home and foreign electronic means of education in philology that can be resorted to in the academic process. It is found out what open course ware materials are employed in teaching linguistic disciplines in the system of basic and additional education. Academic subjects of translation orientation in the curricula of foreign universities are analyzed. Pedagogical problems of teaching foreign languages which can be solved with the help of informational technologies are distinguished. The vision of using the electronic means of education to train translators and to improve their professional skills is suggested, the goals and role of the on-line courses, blogs and podcasts at the lessons and in the independent students’ work are defined, the ways to integrate Internet resources into an academic process are pointed out. Key words: translation, electronic means of education, distance learning, informational resources, informational technologies, blogs, podcasts.

70-77

Authors: Vashyst, K. M., Shvachko, S. O., Hunter, L.

Language negation applies to complex linguistic universals. It permeates the entire lexis and grammar, uses different means and ways of expression, complex semantic and structural character that needs careful study. The article examines the peculiarities of linguistic means of negation expression at different language levels within the artistic discourse. The purpose of this research is comprehending the taxonomy of linguistic means of negation in English and German, description and analysis of semantic, pragmatic and stylistic features of negation structures within the artistic discourse. The results of this study show that the linguistic category of negation has great potential - speech means of negation may be complicated by the different modal values and stylistically modified up to affirmative statements that may be the prospect analysis. Key words: linguistic negation, linguistic category, explicit / implicit character, mononegation / polynegation

83-89

Authors: Ermolenko, S., Shelekhova, G., Fomenkom I.

Terminologie von verschiedenen Lebens-und Arbeitsbereichen hat nach dem Zerfall der UdSSR besonderem Interesse benötigt, das auch die Sphäre der juristischen Tätigkeit betroffen hat. Dabei wurden sowohl Allgemeinquellen ins Ukrainische übersetzt als auch neue erfunden und bearbeitet. Dabei entstanden einige Probleme, die zu bewältigen waren und manchmal immer noch zu bewältigen sind. Die juristische Sprache ist solch ein Phänomen, das besonders exakte und eindeutige Ausdrucksweise, den bestimmten Abstraktionsgrad braucht. Was auch zu einer sehr ausgeprägten Sprache, Eindeutigkeit der Begriffe und Null-Expression geführt hat. Die ukrainische Sprache aber ist immer noch durch die dominante Stellung der russischen Sprache ausgeprägt und das kann man auch im juristischen Bereich sehen. Das ist aber ein objektiver Grund. Zu dem subjektiven Grund gehört das Fehlen von der eindeutigen und allgemeinen Politik in der Sphäre der sprachlich-terminologischen Lexik. Schlüsselwörter: Terminologie, juristische Sprache, Stilforderungen, Ausdrucksweise, der bestimmten Abstraktionsgrad, Eindeutigkeit der Begriffe, Null-Expression.

97-101

Authors: Movchan, D. V.

All the words in the language system, regardless of their context, are combined by paradigmatic relations, the essence of which is common lexical meanings on the basis of some components and the opposition – on the basis of other ones. Within paradigmatic relations there are different types of verbal oppositions. Contrasting opposition based on the principle of contradistinction makes antonymic relationships. The article analyses the «Філологічні трактати», Том 7, № 2 ' 2015 101 relationships of opposites that is made explicit by German noun-antonyms, and the classification of investigated units under the above-mentioned criteria is proposed. Inhomogeneous nature of semantic relations among members of antonymic oppositions proves the existence of contrary,

109-116

Authors: Panchyshyn, M.

The article deals with the peculiarities of functioning synonyms in medical terminology of Halicia in the early 20th century. The relevance of the article has been caused by the lack of the detailed research of synonyms of medical terms of the mentioned period. The aim of the article is to systematize synonymous relations in the medical terminological system of Galicia. The problem of the appearance and classification of synonyms in the terminological medical vocabulary is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the synonymous variance of medical equivalents and significance of the Ukrainian lexemes. The role of the correlation of medical synonyms in Ukrainian terminological system is observed. The research is done on the material of popular science issues and dictionaries of Galicia of the given period. Key words: synonymy, synonym, variability, Ukrainian medical term.

123-129

Authors: Chuiko, O. A.

Due to the reorganization in society, increased role of science and technology in the globalization age modern pharmacological market has undergone significant changes which are reflected on the language structure. The names of the drugs are an integral part and the main source of pharmacological discourse enrichment. The article deals with the nomination of drugs as constituents of terminology, nomenclature or onomastic field. Taking into account various linguistic and cognitive researches we consider drug trade names as proper names which are predetermined by language and juridical norms. Special attention is paid to the pragmatic meaning of linguistic and phonetic components and motivation basis, since they determine the psychological perception of a brand and product consumption. Key words: trade name, pharmaceutical discourse, term, onym, nomen, appellative word, motivation basis

135-141

Authors: Yurchyshyn, T. V.

The author analyzes communicative mechanisms, which determine the actualization of generalized content. This content is representatived in language structure. The peculiarities of speech situations which realize generalized content are determined: arbitrary of quantitative structure of participants, multispectral characters of relations between speaker and listener, actuality of speaker's psychological characteristics. Except that, modus and dictum content of generalized content sentences is analyzed. A conclusion is done, that the sentences of generalized content do not have qualificatory features of structure and comport with various constructions. But the main factors for the definition of their status are conformities with the law of semantic organization. It grounds to unite the so-called "generalized constructions" in one semantic type. Key words: communicative situation, communicative stipulation, dictum content, generalized content sentence, modus content, semantic structure, speech situation.