Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

460-468

Authors: Sethumathi, P. P.; Uddandrao, V. V. Sathibabu; Chandrasekaran, P.; Sengottuvelu, S.; Tamilmani, P.; Ponmurugan, P.; Vadivukkarasi, S.; Santhanakumar, M.; Begum, M. Shabana; Saravanan, G

Objective: To determine how biochanin-A (BCA) affects high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced pathological changes in lipid metabolism and antioxidant status in diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were orally administered BCA (10 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days to investigate its effects on lipid profiles and oxidative stress markers in the liver and kidney. In addition, the mRNA expression of antioxidant and lipid metabolism enzymes in the liver was examined. Results: BCA attenuated hyperlipidemia by regulating mRNA expressions of HMG-CoA reductase, fatty acid synthase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Additionally, BCA reduced high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress by suppressing lipid peroxidation, improving superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels, and upregulating mRNA expressions of these enzymes. Conclusions: BCA may be a promising nutraceutical for the treatment of dyslipidemia and oxidative stress associated with diabetes.

479-487

Authors: Pattnaik, Soumya Sucharita; Sarangi, Sudhir Chandra; Sharma, Deeksha; Sinha, Surabhi; Nag, Tapas C; Nambirajan, Aruna; Tripathi, Manjari

Objective: To investigate the effect of Ocimum sanctum hydroalcoholic extract (OSHE) on seizure control and neuronal injury in rats with lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). Methods: SE was induced by administering lithium chloride followed by pilocarpine 24 h later. OSHE was administered either alone or in combination with valproate (VPA) 3 days before SE induction until 14 days post-SE induction. Seizure parameters were recorded on day 1 (0-3 h), day 1-3 and day 4-14 post-SE. On day 14 post-SE, neurobehavioural tests (elevated plus maze and passive avoidance) were done followed by total antioxidant capacity, neuron-specific enolase, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopic assessment in the hippocampus and cortex tissue. Results: OSHE+VPA provided more significant seizure protection (75%) than VPA (62.5%), OSHE (62.5%), or SE control (12.5%) (overall P=0.003). The latency to stage-3/4 seizures was increased and the number of stage-3/4 seizures was reduced in all treatment groups compared to the SE control group (P=0.002 and <0.001, respectively). The OSHE+VPA group also had better memory retention than other treatment groups (P<0.001) in the passive avoidance test. Total antioxidant capacity level was significantly higher and neuron-specific enolase was lower in the OSHE and OSHE+VPA groups compared to the SE control group. Electron microscopic study showed significant myelin sheath damage (67.5%, P<0.05) and axonal degeneration (51.8%, P<0.001) in the hippocampus of the SE control group, which were alleviated by OSHE or OSHE+VPA treatment. In immunohistochemical analysis, the OSHE, OSHE+VPA, and VPA groups had a significantly higher number of viable neurons and less neuronal loss compared to the SE control in the hippocampus (P<0.001). Conclusions: OSHE either alone or in combination with VPA shows better seizure control by preservation of neuronal echotexture and reducing oxidative stress in the hippocampus.