Journal of community health research

74-76

Authors: Mohammadhadi Farahzadi

No Abstract

85-92

Authors: Malihe Kolahdouzi, Gholam Hossein Halvani, Ebrahim Nazaripour Abdehgah, Maryam Rostami Aghdam shendi, Mohsen Yazdani aval

Introduction: The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), first of all, identifies dangerous modes in a process and, then, provides proper control measures that are required to reduce the level of risk. This study aims to investigate the risk level before and after the implementation of control measures in an edible oil factory. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in an edible oil factory in Tehran, Iran. The FMEA technique was used to identify failure modes related to equipment that existed in five units of this factory. After that, in all units, Risk Priority Numbers of all the processes were assessed on the basis of the FMEA method. With regard to the Risk Priority Number (RPN), some control measures were taken to reduce the risk of events. After nine months, risk assessment was repeated, and primary and secondary RPNs were compared with each other to investigate the effects of interventions. Results: The results showed that the highest probability of danger was related to the installation unit. The probability of danger in this unit before and after interventional actions was 4.5 and 3.25 respectively and the highest degree of severity was related to tool production. The marginal homogeneity test showed the positive effect of control measures on the risk level in the factory. There was a significant inference between before- and after-data in RPN in the unit tool production, neutralization unit, and installation unit. The Tests of Repeated Measure showed that there was a statistically significant inference between before- and after-data in the total average of RPN criterion (pvalue < 0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the high risk level in the factory units was reduced after the application of interventional corrective measures. These actions have been useful. It can be mentioned that the FMEA has been successfully able to identify and control the level of risk in this factory.

101-108

Authors: Soheyla Kalantari, Fatemeh Mehravar, Farhad Kord, Samieh Ghana, Seyyed Ali Aghapour, Rasoul Mohammadi, Leila Fazeli Aref, Ahmad Heidari

Introduction: Trauma is one of the most common health problems worldwide, resulting in many cases of physical disability every year. Considering the importance of the occurrence of trauma, this study was conducted to determine its epidemiology in trauma patients of the Trauma Center of Gorgan County, Golestan Province. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 17,941 Iranian trauma patients who attended the Trauma Center of 5 Azar Educational Hospital, Gorgan County, from the beginning of 2013 through 2014, using the census method. The patients’ data were collected using a checklist designed by the Treatment Deputy of Golestan University of Medical Sciences during morning, evening, and night shifts by trained personnel. The data were analyzed with the STATA software Version 12. Results: Most of the trauma patients were male and belonged to the age group of 21–35 years. Alley, street, and house were the most common trauma locations. Injuries, motorcycle accidents, and falls from height were the most common types of trauma. As for the outcome, most trauma patients were “treated.” Conclusion: With advances in technology, because of the increase in the number and speed of vehicles and lifestyle changes, trauma is one of the major causes of mortality and disability in the world. Knowledge of the epidemiology of trauma in the world can help lower its prevalence and incidence.

117-123

Authors: Babak Shiravand, Ibrahim Salmani, Farrokhlagha Servat

Introduction: Biological attacks are a phenomenon that started on a serious note in the twentieth century and such weapons are being developed every day. The agent of plague is one of those listed as biological weapons by the Weapons Convention. So, the danger of its biological or bioterrorist applications by the enemy is possible and poses a serious threat. The purpose of compiling this article is to update information of health personnel about plague and the bioterrorist aspect of this disease. Methods: This article is a review study which had been undertaken based on articles searched from the library and the internet (1990–2016). Results: More than 2000 species of bacteria have been identified in three main groups of bacillus (rod-shaped), cocci (round and oval) and spiral (helical) but only approximately 100 species have been identified as pathogenic and less than 10 species are used as suitable biological agents for military application and the plague agent is one of them. Yersinia pestis is a type of gram-negative anaerobic coccobacillus from the Enterobacteriaceae family and if it is stained with Wright, Giemsa or Wayson it can be seen as bipolar under a microscope. Conclusion: Nowadays, despite development of science and technology, humans are not able to predict time and location of this type of attack. So, we should be prepared for this unavoidable eventuality. Considering the importance and necessity of preparing to deal with attacks, authors of such studies and professionals should consciously plan and try to prepare against these dangers.