Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

1-9

Authors: M Sajjad Khan, Nabila Akhtar

Objective: Stress can be defined as the over all those reactions in our body, which can disturb the normal functioning and physiological equilibrium of body system. The objective of this review is to compile literature related to stress origin and the related research work to reduce stress and stress induced disorders. Materials and methods: The all reported work related to this topic was collected from various source e.g. library, online site pubmed, sciencedirect and books. The exhaustive literature was studied and makes critical analysis to summarize the findings. Results: Through novel techniques, it is also possible to measure the response of the primary stress systems in a convenient, non-invasive manner. Thus, allowing the research to progress rapidly in the area of stress which is important to improve quality of life. By gaining a thorough understanding of the systems governing stress response, the intervention techniques can be developed to target the over-activation of these systems, decrease stress, and improve health. Conclusion: The recent findings concerning stress induced disorders are a solid starting point for much needed future research. Keywords: Stress, antioxidants, stress induced disorders, immune system, regulations

16-20

Authors: Sharad Bhandarkar, Ajay Shukla, Alok Pal Jain

Objective: In the present study we describe in-vitro efficacy of Cocos nucifera L. (family Arecaceae) husk fiber extract ointment for growth inhibition of four microbes (Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Staphylococcus aureus and Trichosporon asahii) that may cause severe infection in eczema patient. Materials and methods: The stability parameters of extract ointment such as physical stability, spreadibility, centrifugation etc. would be performed and found applicable results. The therapeutic effect was compared with marketed product Tacrolimus 0.1%w/w ointment. Results: The shells of Cocos nucifera L. has rich in polyphenolic compounds and has been reported for arthritis, diarrhoea, antibacterial, antiviral and also has inhibitory lymphocyte production. Catechins are flavonoids that were present in Cocos nucifera L shells, already have antioxidant, powerful cellular growth inhibitor and anti-inflammatory activity which might be correlated with this study. Conclusions: The aqueous extract ointment of Cocos nucifera L was found effective and require further in-vivo study for eczema as well as isolation of responsible active constituents for this activity. Key words: Cocos nucifera, eczema, Tacrolimus, polyphenols, ointment

27-32

Authors: Vinod Dhote, KanikaDhote, Dinesh Kumar Mishra

Objective: The objective of the current research is to reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliance by designing and systematically evaluating controlled release microbeads of Rioprostil. Materials and methods: Rioprostil loaded mucoadhesive microbeads were successfully prepared by ionotropic gelation and crosslinking technique by using sodium alginate as the hydrophilic carrier in combination with HPMC and chitosan polymers as drug release modifiers. Formulated microbeads were evaluated for particle size, swelling ratio, drying rate, drug entrapment, bio adhesion study, invitro release, release kinetic and stability study. Particle size distribution of both placebo and drug loaded formulations were measured by an optical microscope and particle size of optimized beads was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Results shows that no significant drug-polymer interactions were observed in FTIR studies. In-vitro drug release profile of Rioprostil microbeads were studied in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and exhibited zero order kinetic. The in vitro wash-off test indicates microbeads had good mucoadhesive properties. The drug loaded batches were found to be stable when stored at room temperature for 45 days. Conclusion: Hence the formulated HPMC coated Sodium alginate beads can be used as an alternative and cheaper carrier for the oral controlled delivery of Rioprostil, especially for the treatment of ulcer colitis. Keywords: Rioprostil, microbeads, ionotropic gelation, mucoadhesive, cross linking

40-44

Authors: Suresh Kumar Dev, Ajay Shukla, P. K. Choudhury, G.K Singh

Objectives: To study the analgesic and anti-nociceptive activity of hydro-ethanolic stem extract of Capparis decidua Lin. Materials and methods: Wistar rats and Swiss albino mice were selected for study of analgesic and anti-nociceptive activity of Capparis decidua hydro-ethanolic extract (CDHE) at doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. a variety of models viz. acetic acid induced writhing model (female mice), Eddy's hot plate (mice) and tail flick model for analgesic study, and formalin-induced paw licking model (mice) were usedforanti-nociceptivestudy. Results: In acetic acid induced writhing model and in the hot plate model method used with indomethacin standard drug, the maximum effect was observed at 60 min at a dose of 200 mg/kg p.o., which was higher than the standard drug morphine sulfate (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) while in the tail flick model, effect was comparable with morphine sulfate. In formalin-induced paw licking model, administration of CDHE completely abolished the early phase at 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. and in the late phase, the result of CDHE (200 mg/kg p.o.) was superior than indomethacin (10 mg/kg p.o.). CDHE was effective in both non-narcotic and narcotic models of nociception, signifying its possible action via peripheral and central mechanism. It also abolished the early phase in formalin-induced paw licking model, signifying complete inactivation of C-fiber at higher dose. Conclusion: The activity can be recognized to the phyto-constituents viz tannins, diterpenes, triterpenes and steroids present in the CDHE extract. In conclusion, CDHE can be developed as a potent analgesic and anti-nociceptive agent in future. Keywords: Analgesic, acetic acid, Capparis decidua , Eddy′s hot plate, hydro-ethanol extract, tail flick