Science almanac of Black sea region countries

5

Authors: Gurieva S.

Migration for economic reasons is the movement of people for the purpose of employment and adequate remuneration. Labour migration can be caused for reasons such as the desire to change jobs, socio-cultural, housing, environmental, natural, climatic and other conditions. Only older people or people with disabilities can do without a developed economy and social sphere; all the others are included in the circle of potential migration, while the socio-psychological portrait of migrants is heterogeneous. Economic and social changes in modern society have led to intensive and extensive activities of migrants. The article provides an overview of the social, psychological and gender aspects of migration from three countries of Central Asia (former Soviet republics) Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan to Russia (St. Petersburg). The main goal of our study was to identify the socio-psychological mechanisms of migration from Central Asia, the general and specific features of the process of acculturation of labour migrants. The study participants were labour migrants from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. The study was conducted in St. Petersburg. In total, 98 people aged 19 to 42 years participated in the study (MD = 32.26, SD = 3.44), among them women - 44%, men - 56%. Three ethnic groups presented our sample: Kyrgyz (34 people), Tajiks (32 people) and Uzbeks (32 people). The study revealed both general and specific features associated with certain ethnic groups. The results of the study show that there are significant differences between migrants from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan in the following acculturation indicators: the number of social contacts (friends) among representatives of their nationality and the Russian-speaking population, type of acculturation strategy, degree of satisfaction with life, cultural and economic security, level of anxiety.

7

Authors: Goncharov V., Kolosova O., Litvinova E.

The functioning of different cultures have common principles. Development is a complex process, the context of development is determined by external factors, and the main role belongs to political, social, ethical and ethnocultural factors. Cultural development takes place through increasing efficiency in the use of natural resources, raising labor productivity and economic specialization. All other aspects of culture that are secondary to them depend on it. Ethnic culture goes through certain stages of development and has its own characteristics, its own development logic, and its own unique development path. The development of culture takes place in the bowels of an ethnic group, in conditions of unconditional substantial ethnic unity. Each culture has its own unique path of development and can be understood only as a historical phenomenon. It is necessary to understand the development of individual cultures, first try to establish the laws of the development of the culture of all humankind. Culture changes through the movement, movement of its elements, and the movement affects objects of material life and ideas: ideology and mythology. In the development of culture, the accumulation, preservation and continuity of cultural traditions, their transmission to subsequent generations is of great importance. The unity of world culture, the common cultural wealth of mankind, determine the presence of similar features and principles of the functioning of various cultures, the existence of patterns, common features in many cultural phenomena, regardless of the place and time of their appearance.

7

Authors: Vergun T.

The article presents the role of ethnic villages in the development of ethnic tourism. It is noted that ethnic villages are a relatively new segment of the tourist market which reflects the ethnocultural mosaic of the modern world. The basis for the creation of ethnic villages is, as the title suggests, ethnos with its cultural and historical traditions, socio-economic and public-political structure. The loss of many unique and distinctive elements of ethnoculture in the condition of a globalizing world has been reflected in the search of many peoples for their identity. Tourism as a sociocultural practice of mankind has responded to these processes by establishing centers of tourist attraction such as ethnic and ethno-national settlements, villages. The concept of "ethnic village" has not been clearly recorded yet. The concept of "ethno-graphic", "national" and sometimes "international" village or settlement is applied to such settlements. This term can be analyzed from different positions. Ethnic villages reflect ethnocultural heritage and include natural resources management systems, ways of life, customs, a language, a cuisine, a layout, a type of settlements and buildings, forms of folk creativity, religious and other phenomena of spiritual culture. The global crises of our time, including the social and cultural crisis, the over-pragmatism and commercialization of culture, and the growing threat to cultural and civilizational education have necessitated comprehensive reflection and the development of a coherent long-term strategy that would ensure the development of culture through a dialogue of civilizations. It is shown that one of the significant advantages of the development of national villages and ethnic tourist centers in the world is the support of local residents and representatives of small peoples, more precisely, cultural carriers.

9

Authors: Bermus A.

This article is one of the first experiments in reconstructing of the scientific biography of one of the most famous figures in Russian pedagogical science, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Education, honored teacher of the Russian Federation Evgenia Bondarevskaya. The main stages of her biography are comprehended: from birth (1931) till the beginning of work in the Rostov State Pedagogical Institute (1958), then the period of active professional growth until 1991, the period of the highest professional recognition (1991-2011) and the period of late methodological research and completion of a professional career (2011-2017). The most characteristic for the period of professional growth of E.V. Bondarevskaya was the idea of moral education of a person, overcoming the contradictions between the unity of requirements for students within the school and the individual ways of their personal development, the development of the teacher’s pedagogical culture as the leading subject organizing the educational process. In the future, these ideas are transformed into the concepts of student-centered education and the upbringing of a person`s culture, morality and harmoniously developed personality. A separate direction of the scientific work of E.V. Bondarevskaya in recent years has been the development of a “humanitarian methodology” – a system of scientific and philosophical ideas about education and a person’s place in it, which allows for meaningful design and reflection of educational practices in a changing social and cultural reality, successfully pairing individual processes of personal growth and global historical transformations. At the end of the article, perspective lines of development of the main ideas of her scientific work are considered. Thus, the ideas of a personal approach and personality-oriented pedagogy are transformed over time into the philosophical and cultural anthropology of childhood and the preparation of teachers for the development and implementation of varied cultural and anthropological practices; the ideas of educational complexes (clusters) will lead to the deployment of network projects for the profiling of general education and the modernization of pedagogical practices, the formation of unified educational environments and support projects for young teachers. Finally, the project of the universalization of teacher education will be associated with the development and implementation of modern corporate standards in assessing professional achievements, changing the content and structure of educational programs in the direction of increasing their competitiveness and combining scientific and educational components, as well as increasing the importance of international research and projects.