Science almanac of Black sea region countries

Number 4, 2018

4
The Historical Aspects of the Development of the Black Sea Region

Authors: Petrova Yu., Shevkun Yu.

Abstract

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The Black Sea region had passed a long way of historical development even before the emergence of Greek cities. There are evidences of ancient mythology, ancient historians, toponymy and archaeological sources of these remote times, though they are still unclear in many respects. In this historical period, on the northern shores of the Black Sea, the colonists-Greeks settlements arise, in whose face the local population enters into permanent intercourse with representatives of the ancient slave society for the first time. The centuries-old history of the Greek cities of the Black Sea region, their long relationship with the Scythians and other inhabitants of the region, the complex interrelationship of two cultures different both in origin and in inner content had led to the new historical and cultural situation in our South, in the conditions of which later the East Slavic tribes and the first Russian state had been forming. The first acquaintance of the brave Aegean navigators with inhospitable shores of Pontus was reflected in the myth of the Argonautic expedition. Then the myths of Iphigenia in Taurida, Achille on the island of Levka, the stay of Odysseus in the gloomy land of the Cimmerians followed. The final link is the fantastic geography of the Logographers with legends of the Hyperboreans and the struggle of the Arimaspians with vultures. Let us try to reveal the historical reality veiled by the fantasy of myth. Let`s establish the connection between the North Black Sea Region and the ancient states of the Mediterranean with the help of concrete historical evidence.

5
Boundary Ideologemes of the Right-Wing Radicalism in the Student's Environment of Higher Education Institutions in the South of Russia (on the example of the Rostov region)

Authors: Lukichev P.

Abstract

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Number of views: 302

Dynamics of public consciousness is characterized by oscillative motion with periodic leftward shift and rightward shift of ideological and political preferences. At the present time, practically in all countries of the world including economically developed there is its shift to the right. In this regard Russia is not an exception. The analysis of collected sociological material shows the prevalence of far-right ideologems of symbols and slogans which being differently understood reflect ideological concepts of ideological and political trends, various by their nature, and the ideological systems corresponding to them that allows to consider them as boundary. Having reasons in far-right ideological concepts they constitute a danger by their attractiveness as get a response among carriers of other political convictions that under the certain circumstances is capable to do them the participants of political actions of far-right and even extremist character. Application of statistical methods of the analysis of results of sociological poll allows constructing the interdependence model of "threats for modern Russia" which were presented in the form of the ideologems characteristic for various ideological systems. The model shows the considerable shift of public consciousness of youth of students of the South of Russia towards the perception of far-right ideological socio-political installations.

5
Language Personality in the Context of Interaction of Language and Culture

Authors: Ilyasovа R.

Abstract

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Number of views: 303

This article discusses the linguistic personality - the phenomenon that is undoubtedly social, but it also has an individual aspect. The linguistic personality is a concrete person with his own consciousness, free will, his complex inner world and individual attitude to the environment. Culture identity allows the ethnos to preserve and carry through its centuries its ethnic identity and originality, cultural codes that, through the millennia, rediscover the spiritual secrets and treasures of distant ancestors for the descendants fill them with new meanings and ideas consistent with time. The universality of culture allows people to find a common language of communication and cultural interaction with other nations, primarily neighboring ones, their place in the cultural spectrum of a multinational state. The cultural isolation of a people leads to the degeneration of its culture, the loss of identity - to cultural assimilation. Today, a linguistic person is understood as a specific speaker of a language capable of understanding, creating and reproducing texts, it is a person who is able, based on the analysis of the texts produced by her, to reflect the vision of the surrounding reality.The doctrine of the linguistic personality is developed by means of the scientific paradigm, which is accompanied by the use of various methods, techniques, methods of research of language material. In each case, their choice is determined by goals and objectives. It is established that each such personality is formed on the basis of the acquisition by a particular person of all the linguistic wealth created by predecessors. The language of a particular person still consists of general and individual language features.

5
Development of Tourism in the Crimea as an Economic Problem of the Region

Authors: Petrova Yu., Lebesheva A., Kamalov А.

Abstract

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Number of views: 278

Due to the inclusion of the Republic of Crimea into the structure of the Russian Federation the importance of studying of the tourist sector`s state and development in a new territorial subject of Russia does not raise doubts. Modern global trends speak about the global scale of tourism development. Today tourism is one of the most important factors of the development of mutual understanding between ethnic groups and peoples and it also makes the significant contribution to the prosperity of many countries of the world. In this regard, the assessment and characterization of the problems of development of tourist activity in the Republic of Crimea takes the powerful and independent place in the course of development and realization of strategy of national economy management. The history of recreational development of the Crimea and the documents which were accepted and revised are mentioned in our article. The purposes and the main directions of tourism development in the region are also stated in this article. One of the main tasks in the development of tourism in the region nowadays is the attraction of investments for the development of the infrastructure base of tourism and the ensuring of the quality of tourist service at the level of the world standards. In addition, there is a problem of a high level of shadow economy because of the non-payment of taxes by the citizens having a private ownership for use by tourists. Moreover, it should be noted that the economy of the Crimea is influenced by the seasonality of tourism which slows down the peninsula development in cold season because of the low tourist flow. Of course, the development and realization of comfortable conditions for investors is needed for the investment attraction. Thus, investigating this article the readers learn about a number of problems of the tourism development in the Crimea and methods of their solving.

6
Conceptual Foundations of Social Responsibility of Corporate Structures: Historical Aspect

Authors: Gurieva L.

Abstract

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Number of views: 271

The article considers the evolution of the social responsibility of business in the historical period up to the XXI century. The study shows that in its development, corporate social responsibility in countries with developed market economies has passed a series of hysterical stages. In the period from the 1900’s to the 1930’s the first stage of emergence and theoretical understanding of social responsibility of business in the countries of the developed capitalism passed. The second stage (from the 1930’s to the 1950’s) was the stage of institutionalization of corporate social responsibility. The third stage (from the 1950’s to the middle of 1970’s) was characterized by the flourishing of traditional philanthropy (or charity). Companies tried to maximize business and social activity, focusing on helping the most vulnerable categories of population (children and people with disabilities) or cultural institutions. At the fourth stage (from the middle of 1970’s to the 1980’s), the strategic philanthropy of business which is characterized by readiness to get optimum profit instead of maximum and also by the focal approach to the solution of social problems (aiming at the solution of the problem, but not on fight against its results) was created. The desire of business to coordinate the solution of social problems with strategic goals of the company is the base of this approach. From the middle of 1980’s to the early 2000’s, the concept of corporate citizenship was created. At the local level, the corporate citizenship is manifested in the form of social investments of business, which means the joint work of the commercial, non-profit and public sectors for the purpose of solving the urgent social and economic problems of local communities.

6
Demonic Forces of Ignorance

Authors: Zhdanov Yu.

Abstract

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Number of views: 294

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8
Transformation of the Concept "National Interests" in the Context of Globalization

Authors: Denilkhanova R., Daudov R.

Abstract

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Number of views: 280

The article is a study of the national interests of the state through the prism of impact factors on their definition and priorities for the country's development at the present stage; a broader understanding of national state interests that are of great importance in the life of society and affect the economic development of the country is given; it is emphasized that the doctrine of national interest still relies on the value-normative positions and ideologies of states even during intensively developing globalization processes, the nation is both the starting point of the formation of the state, and the expression of a more complete, comprehensive life force, creative source, socially important for society and the individual aspects; it is pointed out that due to the contradictions of the interests of different States there are big conflicts, but in international relations they are most commonly caused by inaccurate and/or incomplete certain and incorrectly perceived interests of the nation or taken measures of national security.

9
North Caucasus and Near East in the Context of Geopolitical Threats and Safety

Authors: Akayev V.

Abstract

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Number of views: 296

The article analyses the scientific analysis of a situation in the South and the North Caucasus, Central Asia, in the regions having special historical, geopolitical and economic value. Such analysis is necessary for development of the adequate mechanism of opposition and blocking of mass recruitment attempts of youth for participation in "jihad" in Syria. The events in the Middle East which are considered as attempt of reformatting of the international and regional economic and political relations take a special place in this research. The importance of active counteraction to forces striving to use ethnic, confessional and cultural diversity of the people of the South of Russia for intervention into the internal affairs of the Russian Federation is emphasized, extending at the same time the ideas of religious and political extremism, ethnic separatism and nationalism. Considering similar threat, the author believes that it is necessary to liquidate what feeds it, namely, to stop financing of terrorists in the Middle East, their support in media and on the Internet. The leading activities of the North Caucasus peoples which firmly adhering to their ethnic features, spiritual and cultural traditions chose a secular way of development within the political and legal state existing. The special place in the research is allocated to the role of Russia in cultural life of modern Syria. The Russian State tries to obtain an achievement of peace between the conflicting parties, conducting resolute fight against the carriers of "religious terrorism" under the slogans of Islam. It is important for all peoples who do not accept fanaticism, "executions of ISIS" and other rules, defending their historical traditions, spiritual and cultural, ethnic and civilization values. The author`s reflections about the need of creation of the new world space are given to solve the problems of improvement of people`s interaction at the present stage of humanity development successfully.

10
Black Sea Region in the Strategy of the European Union in the XXI Century

Authors: Uznarodov D., Uznarodov I.

Abstract

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Number of views: 312

The article considers the policy of the European Union in the Black sea region in the XXI century as a part of the general policy of the EU in the post-Soviet space. The policy in the region is analyzed by the example of its main components – the European neighbor-hood policy, the Eastern partnership, as well as taking into account the policy in the South Caucasus. The article also discusses reasons for the deterioration of relations between Russia and European Union in connection with the policy of the EU in the Black sea region. Attention is drawn to the fact that it happened after the activation of the EU policy in the post-Soviet space, what inevitably came into conflict with foreign policy priorities of Russian Federation. It is concluded that in spite of a fairly active policy in the region, the European Union failed to involve in its orbit all states of the region. It is noted that today the EU continues to struggle for strategic influence in the region. Therefore, there remain serious contradictions between Russia and the European Union, and therefore we should not expect the improving relations between them in the near future.