Science almanac of Black sea region countries

5

Authors: Getmanov I., Tazayan A.

The term “coevolution” is used for identification of mutually conditioned elements alterations, acting as an integral system. Development is the vector of these changes. Thus, the coevolutionary approach makes it possible to study the natural mechanisms of the living systems complication. The authors follow mainly this methodological orientation, exploring cultural interaction and environment, in other words – coevolution way. Coevolutionary approach, without denying deterministic character of living systems development, pays special attention to occasionalities, which are considered to be the irremovable factors. Since the mechanism of the origin and coordination of the elements interaction involves occasionality, the system development takes an emergent character. This approach concludes the fact that acceptation of uncertainty factor does not influence the result of the particles joint variability – the variability forms are more productive methods of the entire elements collaboration. Historically developing images of cultures are viewed as the result of coevolution – on the one hand, as the interaction of cultures leading to mutual enrichment, on the other, in the context of natural environmental conditions that form some of their unique features. Coevolutionary methodology demonstrates a theoretical resource that explains the unity and difference of cultures, their transformation. The historical context of the cultures dialogue is presented as a coevolutionary process, the modern mechanisms of which promote convergence and integration of cultures, which replace the process of their evolutionary differentiation – divergence.

6

Authors: Khuako F.

It is examined the chronology of events, accompanying the presence of Adyghe people on the Crimea territory. The article provides historical facts, proving and illustrating habitation and development of the Adyghes on Crimean land, formation of their state system, realization of domestic and external nation policy. Despite the confirmation of low study of the problem, the author enumerates contemporary works of foreign (in particular, I. Klingen “Basis of economy in the Sochi district (1897)) and national scientists, and basing on this point begins to present old events of XVII – XIX c. exposing not only trade and political, but also friendly relations. The biography of Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible connected his life with Circassians by marriage on their representative in the days of Kemirgoko Idarov rule appears the apotheosis of this relation. Considering the military operations, captures and attacks, produced by rulers on the described territories in the examined period, it is illustrated the required coil of state contacts and a thesis about the Adygeis presence in Crimea. Underlining mention of Inal in folklore Adygei texts and establishing an appeal to this image in works of S.Khan-Girey and Sh.Nogmov, it is traced the fate and asserts the influence on the ethnos. Analysing the study of Inalids imperious period by the modern historians – A.Ostashko “Circassians and Crimea”, A.Maksidov “Historical and genealogical connections of the Adygeis with the people of Black sea Region” and F.Ozova “Cherkes-Italian historical crossing and parallels”, the author of the article mainly accepts their arguments and explains the position that allows to line up a personal reasonable construction.

7

Authors: Astapov S.

It is considered adaptation ways of religious traditions in the contemporary Russian society, which is characterized by powerful processes of globalization, social and cultural transformations. Three adaptation ways are stated in the article: modernization, conservation, archaization. Adaptation through modernization is expressed in “modernizing” the tradition: justifying its value for modern society, minimizing, but not denying the importance of those doctrinal principles that come into conflict with the new conditions of social life, the accentuation of those aspects of the doctrine that are consistent with these conditions. Religious cult is the main resource of adaptation through conservation. Other ways of conservation lie in a tie of a traditional religion with national self-consciousness and ethnic identity. Identification makes one turn to the religious tradition. Fundamentalism, social reality perception in strong dual system, “tribal” consciousness, when inclusion in some society is perceived as necessity to resist to the other societies, are considered to be the manifestation of archaization processes in religious traditions. It is stated that modernization, conservation and archaization form a contradiction unity in religious traditions. Religion adaptation towards conditions of the modern society is not possible through a single way; and one way insignificantly prevails over the others. A situation when one of them has obvious domination is a situation of tradition destruction as a result of transformations. Domination of modernization leads to essential transformations of dogmatic consciousness and destroys confessional tradition. Archaization opens access for fundamentalism, which is a ground for radical religious groups. Domination of conservation leads to stagnation, breaking of adaptation processes, then – to reformation through archaization and to exceeding the limits of the confessional paradigm.

7

Authors: Milenkaya K., Zhbannikova M.

The history of the cotemporary Turkish language development is considered, special attention is given to the question of Turkish alphabet formation. The instances of grammatical constructions are given for illustration of Turkish word-formation and word-inflection agglutinative peculiarities. It is marked the mutual penetration of foreign borrowings into Turkish language, as well as Turkisms into other languages, including the Russian language. It is mentioned the documents of the XVIII-XIX centuries, stored in the State Archives of the Rostov Region, which reflect examples of centuries-old relations with the Turkish neighbor. The basic part of the article is dedicated to the language reforms, conducted by Ataturk after the Turkish republic formation. A brief excursion into the history of the Turkish Historical Council and the Turkish Language Society creation was given, directions of their work, structure and leaders were characterized. The reforms results are given as the conclusion of the article.

10

Authors: Shenkao M.

«Хъуэхъу» (verbatim: praise, boasting), khokhis good wish in verbal form, part of traditional life and culture of peoples. The place and time of the utterance of khokh define its direction, depth, complexity. On the other hand, khokh is the art of folk eloquence. They are pronounced for various reasons: the beginning of the labor of the peasant, the new moon, housewarming, the wedding, the first row of mown hay, the exit to the spring field, the end of sowing, etc. The ability to pronounce khokh for the peoples of the North and West Caucasus is an indicator of human culture. The slightest violations of drinking etiquette cause frequent or awkwardness, or a violent reaction. There is a lot of traditionalism here. It is shown that khokh is not just words to the place and time, but words-feelings, word-concepts, words-sacral, organizing and subordinating people. Based on the study, it was analyzed various forms of toasts: from the times of the Nartepicado to the present day. The culture of communication at the feast table is shown. It is emphasized that the Apsuara and Adyghea formed the style of thinking and behavior of the people of the Northern and Western Caucasus. The urgency of research of the given phenomenon for understanding and penetration into depths of national consciousness, historical memory and traditions of culture of the people is grounded.