Revista Amazónica Ciencia y Tecnología

Number 2, 2015

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Physiological Condition of Bovine Ovaries in the Morona Santiago Canton

Authors: Luis Alfonso Condo Plaza , Fabián Danilo Reyes Silva , Larrea Izurieta Carlos Octavio y Pablo Roberto Marini

Abstract

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In this article the structure of the ovaries of cattle in the Ecuadorian Amazon is evaluated. The information obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square method was used. It was determined that 25,7 % of the females were pregnant and those newly initiated puberty period accounted for 74,2 % of which were found all empty. In the right ovary the highest proportion of corpora lutea 66,6 %, which differ significantly from the number of corpora lutea of the left ovary presented 33,3 % was determined. The presence of functioning ovaries, a greater proportion determined on the left 68,9 % which causes differ significantly from the functional to the right ovary. It was also determined only a bleeding body in the left ovary. Five animals with nonfunctional ovaries of which two of them corresponded to the left ovary equal to 40 % and 60 % of these the right ovary, which differ significantly between met. It is concluded that the structures found differ in frequency of occurrence between the left and right ovary ovary

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Characterization of microbial protein obtained from agro-industrial waste

Authors: Ana Lucia Chafla , Juan M. Espín , Margarita Jara , Sonia E. Peñafiel

Abstract

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Microbial protein was characterized in the Biotechnology laboratory of the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo (Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo). This was obtained from a mixture of whey, passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis), and ripe banana (Musa paradisiaca), using solid state fermentation (SSF). Treatments were allocated under a completely randomized design, with a 4x4 factorial arrangement and three repetitions. Factors were: whey (0, 5, 10 and 15 %) and fermentation time (FT) (0, 12, 24, and 36 h). Food indicators, pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3), volatile fatty acids (VFA), and yeast count were assessed. The pH increased as whey was added, between 4.9 and 5.6, however, regarding fermentation time, the value differs significantly across treatments (P ≤ 0.001). The number of yeast cells increased significantly (P< 0.001) in treatments with 10 and 15 % whey with respect to the control. There was a significant relation (P<0.001) between VFA production and FT. The treatment with the highest VFA production was the one with 15% whey at 24 h with 13.33 meq/L. Crude fiber (CF) decreased (P ≤0.0001) with the increasing levels of whey. True protein (TP) increased (P ≤ 0.0001) as whey and FT levels increased in each treatment. Adding up to 15% of whey on the passion fruit peel and ripe banana enabled the obtaining of better food and fermentation indicators during microbial protein production

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In situ characterization of the morphological variability in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L .) from Pastaza Province

Authors: Guillermo Pérez García , Cristian Chimborazo Sarabia , Jorge Freile Almeida

Abstract

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Presently work was analyzed the morphological variability of the cocoa crop in existence in the Pastaza Province, in places that were previously defined, those were selected plants, that make traps of the behavior of all the notable production and its resistance to illnesses. Forty eight individuals were valued, of which three witnesses were included that were the CCN-51, ISC95 and National clones, those were characterized by its high production and quality and its resistance to the moniliasis. Thirty two variables were evaluated so much qualitative as quantitative of the fruit, seeds, leaves, and flowers with the objective of characterize the individuals, analyzed statistically by means of multivaried analysis. The characteristics of its flowers were the descriptors that allowed to separate individuals with major accuracy, those that grouped toward the clones utilized as witness, as well as for sectors, what demonstrated regionalization of the materials analyzed responding to the Triunfo area, toward the National cocoa, Canelos trees toward the ICS95 and the Arajuno area that did not show likeness with the clones witness. Twenty five outstanding trees were selected

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Floristic Composition and Structure of a Montane Evergreen Forest at 600- 700 m AMSL in the Piatúa River Basin, Napo, Ecuador.

Authors: Javier Patiño , Pablo Lozano , Cristhian Tipán , Henrry Navarrete , Rolando López , Mercedes Asanza y Bolier Torres

Abstract

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An ecological structural floristic study was carried out in five permanent transects in a montane in the Piatúa River basin between 600 and 700 m.a.s.l. There were identified 32 families and 68 species in 288 tree subjects with a recorded DAP ≥ a 10 cm. The most diverse families were: Arecaceae, Fabaceae and Moraceae with 5 species (7.14 %); followed by Lauraceae and Urticaceae with 4 especies (5.71 %); Euphorbiaceae, Myristicaceae and Vochysiaceae with 3 especies (4.29 %). Results show similarities in families from the measured transects where predominate the Arecaceae 17.64%; followed by the Lauraceae, 14.62%; Vochysiaceae 9.80%; Myristicaceae 8.75%, Sterculiaceae 8.21%, and lastly families Hypericaceae 0.10%, Rutaceae 0.10% and Nyctaginaceae con 0.09%. The most diverse families were, according to Sorensen’s index, transects 2 – 3 and 3 – 5, which are in Rank III with more than 50% similarity. Shannon’s index (3.52) and Simpson’s (0.94) show the presence of a medium-high floristic composition characteristic of foothills ecosystems