Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology

8

Authors: Shaikh G.Y., Marri H.B., Sohag R.A

The implementation of AMTs (Advanced Manufacturing Technologies) has always been the high interest and core issue for the manufacturing enterprises to get rapid production for global market place. The developed countries have achieved its competitive advantage by implementing this unique model of technologies with full range of systems. In developing countries, the implementation of such technologies is not much common due to so many reasons, (political, social, economical and technical) but entrepreneurs of growing economies are contemplating to reshape long term strategy to adopt Computer systems oriented technologies in their manufacturing companies to meet the growing needs of their indigenous market on one hand and to make a place in the international market on the other. Although, very few manufacturing organization do meet the global market requirements. But there is still lot of efforts to be taken for world class competition. An attempt has been made in this paper to develop a conceptual model taking in to account the three parameters such as, Direct, Indirect and Administrative AMTs. This research work further attempts to present an empirical data analysis conducted in the manufacturing enterprises in province of Sindh, Pakistan. The overall indigenous progress of manufacturing enterprises as according to the data collected from 60 companies reveals that the AMTs systems are partially understood and practiced that is also one of the cause towards slow progress of national exchequer.

10

Authors: Durrani H.A., Panhwar M.I., Kazi R.A

Re-refining of waste lubricating oil by solvent extraction is one of the potential techniques. The advantages of solvent extraction technique practically offers from environmental and economic points of view have received due attention. In this paper selection of composite solvent and technique to upgrade the used lubricant oil into base oil has been made. The composite solvent 2-propanol, 1-butanol and butanone have two alcohols that make a binary system reasonably effective. This work also attempts to study the performance of the composite solvent in the extraction process for recovering waste lubricating oil. The key parameters considered were vacuum pressure, temperature and the weight ratio of solvent to waste lubricating oil. The performance was investigated on the PSR (Percentage Sludge Removal) and POL (Percent Oil Loss). The best results were obtained using composite solvent 25% 2-propanol, 37% 1-butanol and 38% butanone by a solvent to oil ratio of 6:1 at vacuum pressure 600mmHg and distillation temperature 250oC. The vacuum distilled oil pretreated with the composite solvents was matched to the standard base oil 500N and 150N, found in close agreement and could be used for similar purpose.

10

Authors: Soomro S.A., Aziz S., Tunio A.H.

In this research work, the micron size PMMA (Poly Methylmethacrylate) polymer particles were prepared by dispersion polymeraization. In order to acheive optimum conditions, different concentartiion of initiator, monomer and dispersion medium were used. The polymer particle size and size distribution were then investigated by using light diffraction & laser technique. Variation in concentration of initiator showed that mean particle size decreased as the concentration of initiator AIBN (2,2-Azobis Iso Butyro Nitrile) was increased. The particle size distribution became wider with increase in concentration of initiator. Monomer concentration increase shows increase in the particle size and broaden the size distribution. However, when monomer MMA (Methyl methacrylate) concentration was decreased the particle size also decreased whereas the particle size distribution is less wide as compared to concentration increased.

10

Authors: Abro M.I., Pathan A.G., Mallah A.H

Dilband Mine is one of the main iron ore deposits of Balochistan Pakistan, containing about 200milion tones of ore. The Dilband iron ore is mainly composed of oolitic-hematite along with the quartz, calcite, fluorapatite, kaolin, and chlinochlore gangue minerals. The basic objective of the paper is to report the operating conditions of comminuting step where maximum liberation of oolitic hematite from the matrix enriched with calcite and fluorapatite minerals has been possible. Besides this quantitative and qualitative analysis of particles based on concentrate, middlings, and tailings susceptibility of particles is proposed. Comminution circuit for Dilband iron ore is designed on the basis of work index, grade and percent distribution of oolitic-hematite particles in concentrate, middlings and tailings.

12

Authors: Solangi M.A., Baloch A., Memon R.A

Flow of blood structure is presented in terms of stream line projections at different percentages of deposition against various Reynolds numbers. The impact of atherosclerosis is investigated on the vortex enhancement and intensity. The predicted results are computed in terms of stream function for quantifying the reattachment length and re-circulating flow rate of blood at various Reynolds numbers and different percentages of blockage. The results show that flow of blood is disturbs at the vicinity of blockage, especially in the down stream area that leads to the formation of vortexes. It is observed that the length of vortex increases along with the deposition levels as well as with increasing inertia .To solve the Navier-Stokes equations, together with the incompressibility constraints a semi-implicit time stepping procedure, namely Taylor- Galerkin/Pressure-correction finite element scheme has been employed.

12

Authors: Malik A.H., Memon A.A., Khan M.R

In this paper, a nominal SISO (Single Input Single Output) model of PHWR (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor) type nuclear power plant is developed based on normal moderator pump-up rate capturing the moderator level dynamics using system identification technique. As the plant model is not exact, therefore additive and multiplicative uncertainty modeling is required. A robust perturbed plant model is derived based on worst case model capturing slowest moderator pump-up rate dynamics and moderator control valve opening delay. Both nominal and worst case models of PHWR-type nuclear power plant have ARX (An Autoregressive Exogenous) structures and the parameters of both models are estimated using recursive LMS (Least Mean Square) optimization algorithm. Nominal and worst case discrete plant models are transformed into frequency domain for robust controller design purpose. The closed loop system is configured into two port model form and H? robust controller is synthesized. The H?controller is designed based on singular value loop shaping and desired magnitude of control input. The selection of desired disturbance attenuation factor and size of the largest anticipated multiplicative plant perturbation for loop shaping of H? robust controller form a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. The performance and robustness of the proposed controller is tested under transient condition of a nuclear power plant in Pakistan and found satisfactory.

12

Authors: Soomro A.S., Rajput A.Q.K., Solangi S.H.

The innovation of this research is the development of new model called fast moving landslide risk analysis model by modifying one of the previous prominent landslide risk algorithms focusing on the fast moving type of the landslides (such as mudslides, mud flows, block slide, rock fall and topple) based on the qualitative approach using Heuristic method in GIS (Geographical Information Systems). The different event controlling parameters and criteria were used for fast moving landslide predictive risk model. The pair wise comparison method was used in which the parameters of landslide hazard and vulnerability were compared by their assigned weights. The drawback of the used approach was justified by the standard value of consistency ratio, which proved the assigned weight of the parameters as reasonable and consistent. The model was validated by using the occurred landslides inventory data and correlation coefficient test, which showed the positive relationship between the landslide risk predicted regions and the occurred landslides locations. The various landslide events occurred on 8th October, 2005 were accumulated as landslide inventory by the interpretation of satellite imagery. The validation of the model was justified by using one of the statistical two paired, "t" test, and the amount of the predicted risk in the different regions. It is believed that this modified model will prove beneficial to the decision makers in future.

14

Authors: Azhar A.H., Nabi G

The impact of physical and management interventions implemented under the PISRP (Punjab Irrigation Sector Reforms Programm) has been assessed. Enhanced funding for M&R (Maintenance and Repair) works during intervention (2006-2007) period facilitated improved canal water supplies as compared to the pre-intervention (2004- 2005) period. About 15.1% more water supplies were delivered during Kharif 2006 as compared to Kharif 2004 season. An increase of 41.1% in water supplies during Rabi 2006-2007 was observed as compared to Rabi 2004-2005 season. DPR (Delivery Performance Ratio) analysis revealed that during intervention period overall supply position of canal systems in terms of equity by and large was satisfactory. However, the CV (Spatial Coefficient of Variability) analysis indicated that distribution of supply amongst the distributaries of those canal systems was not satisfactory, highlighting the need for further improvement in terms of water supply reliability along the reach of those canal systems. Crop yields improved ranging from 5-62% as compared to preintervention period. The cropped area also increased by about 10% in all canal commands during intervention period. FOs (Farmer Organizations) performance evaluation indicates that these organizations have been reasonably effective for dispute resolution, control over water theft and in ensuring water availability to the tail ends of the channels, and developing sense of ownership for long-term sustainability of irrigation infrastructure. However, FOs need further capacity building to enhance their contribution in this regard. Due to transitioning of T/Ws (Tube Wells), the M&R expenditures for T/Ws were reduced to only 4% during FY 2006-2007 as compared to 37% in FY 2005-2006. T/Ws divesture achieved significant reduction in the electricity bills of IPD (Irrigation & Power Department). Consequently, during November-June months of FY 2007-2008, a savings of Rs. 377.61 million was accrued, compared to the same months of FY 2006-2007. Overall, the investigations revealed that the results of reforms interventions are quite encouraging in terms of uplifting the socio-economic conditions and poverty alleviation in irrigated areas of Punjab province.