Turkish Journal of Forestry

1-11

Authors: Ayşe Esra Hakverdi , Ayhan Akyol, Ahmet Tolunay

In this study, the applicability of the Sustainable Forest Management socio-economic functions criterion was investigated together with the forestry studies in Muğla, Isparta and Antalya Regional Directorates of Forestry in the West Mediterranean Region. The study group of the research consisted of 117 forest engineers working in the West Mediterranean Region. In the research, a survey form consisting of 9 sections was applied to determine the opinions of engineers. To analyze the data obtained, with the help of the Statistical Package 28.0 program for Social Sciences; frequency and percentage, mean, t test (independent samples t test) was used for pairwise group comparisons, and one-way analysis of variance (one way anova) was used for comparisons of more than two groups. If a significant difference was found between the groups as a result of one-way analysis of variance, Tukey HSD (multiple comparisons) tests were applied to determine which groups caused the differences. According to the study results, engineers find the criterion very important. Levels of knowledge and awareness about the measure are high, but the perceived difficulty of measurement is high. For these reasons, studies should be carried out to increase the measurability level of the Criterion, standards should be developed, especially in social content indicators, and monitoring studies should be continued.

21-31

Authors: Elif Şeyda Kesik, Oytun Emre Sakıcı

The aim of this study was to examine the form factors of black pine (Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold) trees in even-aged, pure and natural stands of Kastamonu region. Data obtained from 120 sample plots taken from different site classes, canopy, development stage, ecoregion, density and age, and a total of 145 sample trees, including at least 1 sample tree with the diameter closest to the mean diameter in each sample plot, were used, and the breast height form factor (f1.3), absolute form factor (f0), natural form factor (f0.1) and artificial form factor (f0.5) were calculated with averages of 0.489, 0.317, 0.504 and 0.481, respectively. The relationships of form factors with various tree and stand characteristics were determined by statistical analysis. The results revealed that the form factors vary according to both tree and stand characteristics. The breast height form factor is correlated with all tree and stand characteristics except stand density and has differences in terms of site classes and development stages. The absolute form factor correlates with crown length and tree age and has differences in terms of site classes and ecoregions. The natural form factor correlates with all tree and stand characteristics except crown length and has differences in terms of development stages. The artificial form factor is only correlated with stand age. The success of form factors in volume calculations was also evaluated, and it has been determined that the most successful volume estimations can be achieved with the absolute form factor.

41-48

Authors: Esra Bayar, Mehmet Said Özçelik

This study was conducted to compare the results of in situ and in vitro methods that can be used for measuring gas exchange parameters in two pine species. The study was carried out in a mixed Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb). Holmboe and Pinus brutia Ten. plantation in Kemer/Burdur, which has a semi-arid climate type located in the Western Mediterranean Region of Türkiye. In the first method, gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate-Anet, stomatal conductance-gs and transpiration rate-E) were measured directly on the tree using a mobile scaffold to reach to the tree canopy (in situ conditions). In the second method, branches were cut at approximately 50 cm and gas exchange parameters were determined in the same needles after the branch was immediately submerged in water (in vitro conditions). Measurements were taken between June and October 2022. Student’s t-test was conducted to compare the results of in situ and in vitro photosynthesis measurement methods. No statistically significant differences were found between the results of the compared methods in terms of gas exchange parameters for both species. The results of the study showed that in vitro measurements of photosynthesis can be preferred to in situ measurements of photosynthesis in P. nigra and P. brutia under field conditions where access to the canopy of tall trees is not possible.

56-63

Authors: Samet Demirel, Hande Eyüboğlu

Furniture joint one of the most critical point in furniture construction and it is one of the most governor part of the furniture construction. Therefore, many studies focuses on furniture joint from USA to China. This study aims to reveal the current structure of studies conducted in the literature on furniture joints. The study is structured in three basic stages. Firstly, a comprehensive literature study on furniture joints was carried out. Then, the sample of the study was determined as 253 articles with the keyword furniture joint in the Web of Science database. In the third stage, bibliometric analyzes were carried out. VOSviewer and Biblioshiny programs were used in the analysis, and the sample group was determined according to some parameters such as country, author, study year, university and study name. The results indicated that 2018 was the year for the highest numbers of furniture joint studies. Eckelman, Zhang, and Erdil were the pioneers authors on furniture joints studies. USA and Canada were the first countries where furniture joints studies initiated. Currently, Türkiye is the leading country on furniture joint studies, and China is getting popular country in the subject of the study. Besides, Purdue University and Mugla Sitki Kocman University is the accommodations which published the highest number studies on furniture joints. Additionally, the biometric analisys of the study showed that Forest Products Journal published the highest number furniture joint papers.

71-80

Authors: Melike Nur İnce, Çağatay Taşdemir

Facility layout planning plays a pivotal role in manufacturing system design, impacting vital metrics such as lead time, handling costs, and space optimization. While a significant portion of research has been invested in refining existing facility layouts, there is a noticeable research gap in devising optimized layouts for new establishments, especially in the value-added wood products domain. Addressing this lacuna, this research focused on designing an efficient department-level layout for a wooden cable drums manufacturing facility in an area of 4150 m2. This facility included both office and production areas. The investigative process was segmented into four distinct phases: Deciding the strategic positioning of the facility on the available plot, defining the functional and spatial requirements for each department, establishing the intricate relationship dynamics between these individual units, and rigorously documenting the most optimal department-level facility layout. For precision in layout creation, the ALDEP algorithm was employed, which was further visualized to offer a comprehensive three-dimensional representation. The final layout seamlessly organized seven departments within the 1st Floor Office Area, eight in the 2nd Floor Office Area, and thirteen within the Production Floor. Efficiency evaluation of these areas yielded scores of -811, 184, and -318, respectively. Conclusively, this research furnished actionable insights for manufacturers within the wood products sector and was expected to be an invaluable reference for academics delving into facility planning and value-added wood products manufacturing.

89-99

Authors: Salih Parlak, Oktay Gönültaş

From primitive societies to today's modern armies, mankind has engaged in competition and warfare since its existence, developing various weapon systems for prevailing in these conflicts. Although it remains unclear when and where the bow and arrow, among the earliest weapons used and developed, were first employed, they have consistently been one of the most effective war instruments. The development of bows and arrows, particularly the transition to composite bows, is notably associated with nomadic Central Asian cultures. It is crucial to highlight the significance of animal adhesives, which are pivotal components in the production of composite bows. The utilization of adhesives to bind materials such as wood, horn, and animal tendons facilitated the creation of composite bows. This article compares the adhesion performances of traditional animal protein-based adhesives used in bow production and new-generation commercial adhesives with the tensile test. Tatar maple (Acer tataricum L.) wood adhesion samples were employed in the study, bonded with ten different adhesives under 5-bar pressure without applying heat. The tensile test results indicate that hide glue has the highest adhesion strength. The chemical structures of animal adhesives, the functional groups within the structure, and their variations were analyzed through FTIR analysis. Characteristic peaks for animal proteins were identified in accordance with the obtained spectrum. Furthermore, differences in amide peak intensities and wavelength shifts were detected among samples obtained from various sources. Additionally, the adhesion line of the lap shear adhesion test samples was examined under a light microscope to assess adhesive penetration and the interaction between wood and adhesive.

107-112

Authors: Özge Özgürlük, Şeyma Özlüsoylu, Sezgin Koray Gülsoy, Ayben Kılıç Pekgözlü

Due to their cost-effectiveness and environmentally friendly nature, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) hold great potential for applications in biomass conversion and the production of green chemicals. In this study, the delignification of the stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cone was performed using seven different ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs). TDES treatments of stone pine cone samples were carried out in a microwave for 30 min. at 150 °C. The two-based components of TDESs were choline chloride (ChCl - 1 mol) and lactic acid (LA - 9 mol). The formic acid (FA – 2 mol), boric acid (BA – 1 mol), acetic acid (AA – 2 mol), sorbitol (S – 1 mol), triethylene glycol (TEG – 2 mol), ethylene glycol (EG – 2 mol), and glycerol (G – 2 mol) were used as third component of TDES. ChCl:LA:BA gave the lowest solid residue yield (57.90%) and highest lignin purity (86.89%). Klason lignin content of control was 35.08%. The lowest lignin content (19.42%) and highest delignification (68.89%) were obtained with ChCl:LA:FA treatment. The lowest and the highest L* values were obtained from ChCl:LA:BA and ChCl:LA:EG treatments with 21.76 and 37.36, respectively. This results showed that the third component of TDES affects the delignification efficiency of stone pine cone.

118-128

Authors: Nadir Ersen, İlker Akyüz

In this study, it is aimed to reveal the bibliometric profile of graduate (master's and doctorate) studies written on "Medical and Aromatic Plants" in Türkiye in terms of various criteria. For this purpose, the thesis search engine of the Council of Higher Education (CoHE) was searched with the keywords "medical and aromatic plants, aromatic plants and medical plants” in Turkish. As a result of the scanning, 149 graduate theses were identified and 7 of these theses are not open to access. Of the 142 theses, 118 are master's thesis, 23 are doctoral thesis, and 1 is a specialization in medicine. 42% of the graduate theses were conducted under the advisor of professors. The theses were written in many different universities and departments. It has been determined that biology is the subject most covered in graduate theses. Four graduate theses were written in English. 36% of the graduate theses used between 51-100 references. Foreign references were used more in the majority of theses. 77% of the theses were written in the range of 51-150 pages. Quantitative method was used as a method in the majority of theses. In terms of keywords, there is not keywords were used in 8 theses. The most frequently used keywords are medicinal plant(s), medicinal and aromatic plant(s) and aromatic plant(s), respectively. This study guides scientists who want to work on medicinal and aromatic plants.

136-144

Authors: Yavuz Alkan

Museums have played an important role in the spread of national and international culture in the historical process, in transferring it from generation to generation and in increasing intercultural interaction and awareness. In this study, where the Kilitbahir Castle Museum is examined in this respect, the inside of the castle and its immediate surroundings are examined within the scope of landscape values. The village of Kilitbahir, which contains the museum within its borders, is located opposite the province of Çanakkale. The distance between this village, which is separated by the Dardanelles Strait, and the Çanakkale province, to which it is politically connected, is about 3 km. The examination of the museum within the scope of landscape criteria was carried out in two steps. First, structural and vegetative analysis is included depending on the observations made in the field. In the second step, the opinions and thoughts of the user factor depending on the recreational approaches on the research area are revealed. For this purpose, mutual interviews were provided with 100 visitors by chance. The results obtained by the questionnaire were evaluated by using SPSS 15.0 statistical analysis program. The basis of the said evaluation was user satisfaction/dependent variable and the structural and vegetal landscape elements/independent variables affecting it. According to the analysis, the significance level of the relationship between the variables was found to be 0.000 and the R square value was 0.825. In the light of these and similar results, in this study, which is designed to contribute to the optimal use of the research area, suggestions have been developed with common or similar approaches derived from both strategies followed depending on the method.