Turkish Journal of Forestry

367-377

Authors: Yunus Aydın, Ayhan Akyol

Certification studies in forestry consist of two separate parts: forest certification and forest products certificate. In particular, the prerequisite for obtaining a forest products certificate is the need to use products obtained from forests with a forest certificate. In this study, the forest certification process of Milas Forest Management Directorate and the preliminary and interim assessment data carried out by the Forest Stewardship Council were analysed and evaluated. A two-stage data collection process was followed in the research. The first is to collect the necessary resources and documents for the study through a literature review. Latter; field applications and observations. The document/text analysis method was used to analyze the data. As a result, it has been determined that the certification process provides positive contributions to Milas forests, forest management and the people living in the region in terms of ecological, economic, social and managerial aspects. In addition, it has been determined that preliminary evaluation studies provide significant advantages to the business before the main evaluation and contribute to the successful completion of the process. Accordingly, it can be said that a well-managed certification process allows the forest administration the opportunity to see its weaknesses, correct them and monitor the results in terms of sustainable forest management.

390-398

Authors: Gül Binboğa, İsmet Daşdemir

It is necessary for a sustainable management to continuously evaluate the management effectiveness and take remedial measures by ensuring the protection-use balance in the protected areas. The aim of this study is to determine and evaluate the level of management effectiveness of protected areas in Turkey. The Spil Mountain National Park, the Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park, and the Marmaris National Park in the Aegean Region were selected as the sample area in the study. The Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT-4), one of the tools widely applied globally, was used to determine the management effectiveness level of these areas. The material of this study consists of the long term development plans, interviews with managers and data obtained from the METT-4 application of the three national parks. In the application of the METT-4, the opinions of the National Park Directors, Deputy National Park Directors and National Park Chiefs who are responsible for the management of the areas are included. The obtained data were shown in tables, and percentage calculations and averages were used to evaluate the data. As a result of the evaluations, the management effectiveness level of Spil Mountain National Park was found to be 58% (medium level), Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park was 63% (good level) and Marmaris National Park was 48% (medium level). The arithmetic average of the management effectiveness level of the three national parks is 56%, indicating a medium level of effectiveness. It was determined that while they are at their best with an average level of 70% in planning, which is one of the elements that determine management effectiveness in the areas in question, they had lower levels of effectiveness in Inputs (59%), Processes (52%), Outputs (62%) and Results (42%). Therefore, it can be said that the management effectiveness level of the protected areas subject to this study is not sufficient. It was determined that this result is affected by inadequacies in many issues such as legislation, budget/financing and coordination, especially the lack of sufficient number and quality of personnel. Consequently, it was determined that in order to ensure the sustainable management of protected areas in Türkiye, the necessary studies must be carried out decisively to improve the level of management effectiveness and to solve the current problems.

403-410

Authors: Okan Bayram, Uğur Özkan, Halil Turgut Şahin

Congo Red, an anionic dyestuff, is used in many areas of industry today. Contact of anionic and cationic dyestuffs with water sources without cleaning causes serious environmental problems. In this study, red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) cones, which can be found in many parts of the world, were turned into biochar (PBKB) and used for KR removal from aqueous solutions. In the results obtained, it was found that the removal of CR by PBKB was in accordance with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2=0.975) and the maximum adsorption capacity value was 14.124 mg/g. As a result of the kinetic and thermodynamic calculations, it was concluded that the adsorption process is endothermic and proceeds over pseudo-second-order (PSO). PBKB was characterized by SEM-EDS and FT-IR devices before and after contact with the CR. When SEM-EDS characterization was performed before contact, it was calculated as the weight percentage (57.450%) and atomic percentage (66.540%) of element C and the weight percentage (34.310%) and atomic percentage (29.830%) of element O. Afterwards, the weight percentage (67.230%) and atomic percentage (75.400%) of element C and the weight percentage (26.110%) and atomic percentage (21.990%) of element O were calculated.

417-424

Authors: Orhan Kelleci, Süheyla Esin Köksal, Erol Ulutepe

In this study, the performance of nickel plating on wooden surfaces was investigated. Black pine (BP), medium density fiber board (MDF) and particle board (PB) were used for the wooden samples. After the sample surfaces were sanded with 200, 500 and 1000 grit sandpaper and varnished with polyurethane varnish (150 g/m2), they were nickel plated using a spray gun and compressed air. After drying the samples at room temperature for 72 h, scratch analyses were performed according to TS EN 15186 (2012) and TS EN ISO 2409 (2020) and abrasion analyses were performed according to TS EN 13329 +A. The staining resistance of the samples was determined according to the DIN 53799 standard. According to the results, surface strength of the MDF samples was lower than those of PB and BP. The scratch analysis results for the black nickel coating were lower than those for TS EN 15186 (2012). However, it was higher according to TS EN ISO 2409 (2020) scratch analysis. In terms of stain resistance, all samples were found to be resistant to water, soap, tea, and acetone stains, except for coffee stains. Upon visual examination, a slight coffee stain was observed on the sample surfaces. As a result, in the light of surface strength analysis, it was concluded that the surfaces of wooden boards are not suitable for nickel plating.

436-451

Authors: Esra Abacıoğlu Gitmiş, M. Faruk Altunkasa

Historical textures of the cities are unique spaces exhibiting hundreds of years of urban identity and cultural heritage with all their components such as buildings, outdoors and plant materials. Therefore, historical animate materials are as crucial as historical inanimate ones to sustain urban identity. This study aims to reveal the heritage plants representing the urban identity and their temporal change in urbanization as an example of Kahramanmaraş's historical urban texture. The study was carried out in three stages: a) Identifying and mapping traditional public and civil architectures and carrying out spatial investigations on these samples, b) Creating a heritage plants album describing their use, purpose, and composition by identifying the sample areas, c) Determining the temporal changes in the use of the plants representing the urban identity through user researches. According to the findings obtained in the study, Olea europaea L. (81.9%) is the most representative plant in the city among the 29 heritage plants examined. In addition, 32 new exotic species have recently been frequently used in the city's green spaces instead of valuable heritage plants representing the city. Compared to the past, while there was no significant change in the purpose of creating a shaded and cool resting place in terms of intended use, the purpose of enhancing the visual quality of the courtyard/garden increased by 15.32% and obtaining products decreased by 29.8%.