EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE

76 – 81

Authors: Ali Volkan Bilgili, Mehmet Ali Çullu, Salih Aydemir, Aydın Aydemir, Ahmet Almaca

In the Harran Plain, southeastern Turkey, soil salinisation causes land degradation threatening the sustainability of agricultural production. According to a recent survey, approximately 18000 ha area has been affected by soil salinity and sodicity at various levels. Determining the distribution of saline and sodic soils in the study area is the first step for effective management of these soils. Over 200 soil samples have been randomly selected across the plain and analyzed for selected soil salinity and sodicity variables in soil salinity laboratory. Indicator kriging (IK), a non-linear interpolation technique, was used to map the probability levels of occurrence of saline and sodic soils across the plain. The results of IK showed the probability distributions of risky areas under different types of soil salinity classes; nonsaline, saline, saline – sodic and sodic.

90 - 96

Authors: Sergei Kulizhsky, Sergei Loyko, Artyom Lim

Findings of field and experimental studies of pedotransfer capability of nickel and platinum nanoparticles in the profile of Albeluvisols Haplic of the sub-boreal forest in the south-east of the Western Siberia were presented. Results of the surveys testify to the effect that major factors affecting the migration capability include large biogenic interstices and main cracks that act as transport channels for nanoparticles, as well as thermodynamic (φ-) potentials of particles that define the intensity of surface electrostatic interactions with walls of soil interstices.

102 – 106

Authors: Evgeny Milanovskiy, Alexandr M. Rusanov, Evgeny Shein

Soil humus substances are considered as a multicomponent system of amphiphilic (exhibiting both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties) substances. Hydrophilic components of humus substances ensure the eluvial and eluvial—illuvial differentiation of the soil profile; hydrophobic components are responsible for the accumulative type of humus profile and the water stability of soil aggregates. Possible mechanisms for the formation of hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of humus substances and its role in stable aggregates formation are discussed. The suitability of mathematical equations has been considered for the description of the decomposition dynamics of the soil aggregates in time, the selection of the best model, and the statistical analysis of the parameters of the corresponding models. The quantitative analysis of the interrelations between the parameters characterizing the water stability and the characteristics of the soil organic matter has revealed a unimodal relationship between the parameter responsible for the water stability of the aggregates and the content of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic components for the studied typical chenozem (Voronic Chernozems Pachic, WRB, 2006 or Haplic Chernozems, FAO, 1988) (Orenburg oblast). The optimal relation between hydrophobic and hydrophilic components for high aggregates water stability of typucal chernozem is about 60% of hydrophilic and 40% of hydrophobic components in the composition of soil organic matter.

114 – 121

Authors: Ahmad Najib Kobaissi, Ali Ahmad Kanso, Hussein Jaafar Kanbar, Véronique Antonios Kazpard

Physical properties of soil, such as compaction, have immense effects on the physico-morphological characters of plants, namely on the roots. For this reason per se, roots are immersed in a soil matrix with distinct conditions that may affect their anatomy, structure and function. Soil’s physical characteristics, such as texture and compaction force, are some of the main factors affecting root growth and development. This study investigates how soil compaction, soil moisture and type of soil can modify the regular growth of Zea mays L., and thus reveal the changes influencing plant’s physiology and growth. This experiment focuses on simulating two magnitudes of compaction (1.25 and 1.45 g cm-3), two irrigation rates in two soil types, and assessing their effects on Z. mays. Despite intrinsic differences in the physico-chemical properties of the two soils, soil compaction had the highest influence on the decrease of leaf area, relative growth rate, total length of roots and shoot and dry mass of stem and roots, while it showed an increase in nitrate reductase activity and total chlorophyll content of the leaves and a limited bacterial growth. Soil moisture interactively aggravated the negative effects of soil compaction. In conclusion, soil compaction shows momentous effects on root anatomy and morphology during the seedling stage, with consequences on plant physiology and growth.

131 – 139

Authors: Canan Çopur Kitiş, Suat Şenol

In this study, high-resolution QuickBird satellite images of year October 2006, visual interpretation of aerial photographs of year 1989 and the land cover and changes in land use of North Adana in Turkey between 1989-2006 were monitored and analyzed. In each Picture that imported into GIS, residental areas, agricultural areas, forests, water surfaces and the other categories have been determined. The study area in North Adana in Turkey was determined first as 41.932 hectares, while in 1989 the city center residential areas were 1.351,86 hectaresin 2006 they turned into 2.956,25 hectares, and showed 118,68 % increase, indistrial areas expanded from 115 hectaresto 148,7 and showed 29,36 % increase. Dry agricultural lands turned from 12.442 hectaresinto10.728 hectares and decreased by % 13,8. The statistical data obtained from results showed the dynamics of land use and also consisted a base for future planning.