LARHYSS Journal

8

Authors: BABA-HAMED K., BOUANANI A., NASRI A, BOUANANI R.

La plaine de Ghriss fait partie des plaines intérieures de l’Algérie occidentale. Elle renferme dans son sous – sol un potentiel hydrique important composé de 3 aquifères constituant la principale ressource en eau de la Wilaya de Mascara. La nappe du Plioquaternaire est la plus facile à exploiter, elle est formée par un ensemble de grès, calcaires lacustres du Pliocène et un remplissage alluvionnaire argilo-sableux du Quaternaire reposant sur un substratum constitué essentiellement de marnes bleues du Miocène. Cette ressource subit une surexploitation inquiétante, d’où l’intérêt de cette étude considérée comme un pas vers une gestion rationnelle des ressources en eau de la région. Cette étude a permis principalement : - l’identification de la géométrie et de la structure du réservoir alluvionnaire. - L’utilisation d’un modèle mathématique basée sur la méthode des différences finies, avec des conditions en régime permanent et transitoire. Ce modèle conduit à l’estimation des valeurs de la perméabilité, du coefficient d’emmagasinement et la détermination de l’impact des débits prélevés sur l’évolution piézométrique de la nappe.

9

Authors: NICHANE M., KHELIL M.A.

The climate changes for a long time ceased being a scientific curiosity. They constitute the major environmental question which dominates our time and the major challenge to which must answer the environmental organizations of control. Water is one of the most important raw materials in Algeria. Because of its importance, it is essential to know its vulnerability with the climate changes, in Algeria. In Algeria, the vulnerability with the climate changes is expressed through several aspects: demographic explosion, probable reduction in the water run-offs, scarcity of the resources, the degradation of the hydraulic infrastructures, threats at wetlands… etc. Face this situation, Algeria took quantitative and qualitative measures adaptive within the framework of a durable management of this invaluable resource for the future.

9

Authors: HOUNSINOU S.P., MAMA D., SOHOUNHLOUE D., BOUKARI M.

Pollution represents a serious problem for the environment; the worn-out waters domesticated and non-purified represent the main source of organic pollution of waters. The township of Abomey-Calavi is between the latitudes 6°20'23.4 '' and 6°42'6.6 '' North and the longitudes 2°14'13.8 ''and 2°25'7.8 '' East. Followed it of analysis in the different points of observation made the object of a treatment of data by the establishment of a card of organic pollution of 54 deep boring waters and 4 surface water of the region, that informs us on the influence of the dismissals and the quality of waters by the slant of an organic pollution indication that himself calculation according to the method of Leclercq, Maquet (1987) whose principle is to distribute the values of the polluting elements in 05 classes, to determine from his own measures, the number class correspondent for every parameter to make the average of it. The interpretation of the card representing the different parameters of organic pollution of the 54 deep boring water and 4 surface water gives some results on the contamination or not of the natural waters. The card shows that the different deep boring water in the region of Abomey-Calavi pass from a quality to another.

10

Authors: GAALOUL N.

L’objectif du présent travail de recherche est la prévision de l’impact de la recharge artificielle de la nappe phréatique côtière du Cap Bon par les eaux usées traitées au niveau du site de recharge (4 ha) de Korba El Mida. Cette nappe côtière subit une surexploitation illustrée par l’accroissement du nombre de puits de 270 puits en 1962 à 9500 puits en 2012. La qualité des eaux de nappe est alors fréquemment dégradée par l’intrusion marine, l’infiltration des eaux d’irrigation ou les pollutions diffuses. Depuis les années 60, un suivi spatio-temporel qualitatif et un modèle de fonctionnement hydrogéologique des eaux souterraines ont mis en évidence que les prélèvements importants avaient généré une inversion du gradient hydraulique causant une intrusion saline. Cruciale pour l’agriculture locale, la nécessité d’améliorer quantitativement et qualitativement les eaux de nappe a conduit à la mise en place d’une recharge artificielle d’eaux usées traitées afin de créer une barrière hydraulique consistant en 3 bassins d’injection pour empêcher, en zones côtières, l’intrusion d’eau de mer dans des aquifères surexploités. Les eaux usées proviennent de la station d’épuration de Korba et leur traitement final se fait par infiltration dans la zone non saturée du sol (SAT, Soil Aquifer Treatment) depuis décembre 2008. La construction de barrières hydrauliques souterraines. Avant la recharge, la salinité varie entre 1 à 12 g/l et les niveaux piézométrique sont tous inférieurs à celui de la mer sur toute la zone d’étude et varient entre zéro au niveau de la STEP de Korba et -7m au niveau de la rive gauche de l’Oued Ennajar. Après 5 ans de la recharge artificielle (1,5 Million m3) par les eaux usées traitées, une diminution de la salinité de 1 g/l a été enregistrée. Une remontée de niveau de la nappe justifié par l’apparition des niveaux piézométriques qui varient entre 1 à 5 m au niveau du site de recharge. Une modélisation d’écoulement au niveau du site de recharge artificielle Korba-Mida a été réalisée afin d'étudier et de prévoir l'impact de l’alimentation par les eaux usées traitées issues de la station de Korba. Le calage du modèle est effectué en régime permanent (2008) avant recharge puis en régime transitoire (2008-2013).

10

Authors: ZIOUI D., BELLATRECHE R., TIGRINE Z., ABURIDEH H

In Algeria, as in developing countries, the problem of drinking water is becoming increasingly important, due to the population growth and rising living standards. Desalination of seawater and brackish water is now possible to meet the demand for potable water. Among the various methods, solar distillation is an attractive solution for isolated and remote area. The main objective of the present work is the study of a plan solar still with greenhouse effect. We have especially worked on the determination of operating characteristics, production and other parameters. The performed work is purely experimental and is part within the framework of improving the profitability of a solar still with greenhouse effect. During this period of experimentation, different parameters have been mainly a series of measurements: solar radiation, the temperatures of different parts of the setup (internal pane of glass, internal air, water in the tank...) and the daily production. The obtained results have allowed us to determine the external and internal parameters influence on the still yield.

11

Authors: BEN SALEM A., MAJDOUB R., M’SADAK Y., KHLIFI S.

In order to study the impact of Meskat system on adult olive trees, an experimental device was selected in the region of Kroussia (M'Saken, Sousse, Tunisia). This study area corresponds to three stripes ; each one is composed by four compartments. The study focused on six agronomic parameters of an adult olive grove, variety of "Chemlali", including canopy volume, foliar surface of elderly leaves, foliar surface of young leaves, leaf stomatic conductance, fruit diameter and fruit length. These parameters were evaluated experimentally in situ and/or laboratory with two repetitions per trap. The results have shown the positive impact of the system on the agronomic behavior of the considered olive trees. These findings concerned, mainly, the canopy volume, foliar surface of elderly leaves, foliar surface of young leaves and leaf stomatic conductance, with a recorded improvement of 51, 25, 37 and 50%, respectively.

14

Authors: EL HMAIDI A., LAYADI A., BOUFALA M., EL ABASSI M., ESSAHLAOUI A., EL OUALI A.

Domestic wastewaters from the Azrou city are released into the environment without any treatment. Indeed, an initial rejection is close to neighborhoods Boumeloul, Hay Tabadlit and Hay Arz, a second in the middle of neighborhoods Tit H'sain and Kachla and a third discharge upstream of the source Ain Aghbal. These waters are contaminated and polluted directly reused in irrigation plots with high agricultural activities downstream of the city. They constitute a negative impact on the environment and can cause disease in both consumers in farm workers. Solving this problem requires the establishment of a wastewater treatment plant wastewater to their safe reuse in agriculture. The main objective of this work is the choice of suitable sites for the establishment of a treatment plant for domestic wastewater for Azrou city. The procedure to follow is based on the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results have yielded different thematic maps according to well - defined criteria. The overlay raster layers different criteria led to the selection of five areas with favorable site which No.1, located in Ait Haddou Ouqassou is highly favorable, given its proximity to the road network, the power grid and water system. The final assessment is effective only when it takes into account the views of stakeholders (politicians, managers, administrators, industrialists, environmentalists, soil scientists, hydrologists, hydrogeologists, geologists, urban planners). The results confirm that the Geographic Information Systems are powerful tools of spatial analysis to provide valuable assistance in decision making, planning and land management.

16

Authors: NIAMKE K.H., N’DRI B.E., KOUDOU A., SALEY M.B., OUATTARA A., BIEMI J.

This study is a contribution of indirect methods to classical geological and structural mapping in a region where outcrops are scarce. The East of the mountainous "Eastern Baoulé " offers a suitable framework for operating an MNA for the purpose of structural mapping. The MNA false image was produced from the extraction of contour lines, through creation and rasterisation of a file of elevation database. That false raw image was the subject of image enhancement using the techniques of illumination at 45 ° along the parallel directions NE and orthogonal NO to the mountain range of Bongouanou. It appears that the lineaments obtained are regional in scope and are only located in a mountainous terrain. The majority N30 ° and N130 ° lineaments have been identified in outcrop as foliation and lineation crenulation hence their abundance in a schistose context. However, the relative positions of these lineaments in staggered blocks suggest a sinister fracturing in directions N130 ° and N160 ° in a structural context in compression as is the case in the Proterozoic in Côte d'Ivoire.

17

Authors: M’SADAK Y., BEN M’BAREK A.

The present investigation is devoted to both direct and indirect assessment (chemical behavior) (vegetative behavior of tomato plants) of juices poultry process called JPA (used for fertigation above ground) obtained by diluting of liquid digestate from a facility industrial Biomethanisation of poultry droppings, built in Tunisia. The Chemical parameters monitored relate to pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and the Suspended Solids (SS) of concentrate JPA and four JPA diluted. As agronomic parameters studied, height growth and wilting tomato plants have been identified as including various dates for the control plants sprayed with water (No Fertigation) and for plants watered with four JPA diluted considered (With Fertigation). Diluted JPA unveiled powers fertilizer diluted to one particularly interesting report (1/150). Statistical analysis showed that there is no significant difference between the growth in height of tomato plants irrigated with water (control) or to which we apply a fertigation using diluted JPA. However, the results are preliminary and they deserve to be treated with caution, because of some vegetative anomalies in the case of irrigated with JPA more concentrated plants.