Food Engineering Theory and Practice

8-11

Authors: Natal'ya A. Shevchenko

The article discusses some features of cattle farming on the territory of Circassia in the XIX century. The attention is drawn to the connection of cattle breeding as a branch of agriculture with the religious traditions of circassian tribes. There were used as materials the pre-revolutionary and modern sources, which reflected the theme of this study. Among the pre-revolutionary sources, we can mention the works of M. Peisonel', A.V. Vereshchagin, V.V. Vasilkov and S.M. Bronevsky. Among the soviet and modern works may be mentioned the writings of M.V. Pokrovsky, V.I. Voroshilov. In conclusion, the author states that due to climatic and geographical factors, the territory of Circassia has become almost an ideal place for the development of cattle breeding. The wide spread of cattle breeding contributed to the provision of Circassia not only with a kind of exchange coin, but also led to the development of related sectors of the economy, for example, sericulture, leatherworking, and contributed to the development of some related crafts. The extent of cattle breeding in Circassia was so high that it played a significant role even in the religious traditions of the people.

12-16

Authors: Tatyana N. Volkova, Guzaliya Z. Samigullina

The article raises the question of the presence of problems of agricultural enterprises, poultry farms in the field of recycling organic waste. These include the waste products of animals and birds. One of the ways of introducing the technology of rational processing of manure to the state of fertilizer is shown on the example of the company Udmurt Poultry LLC. It is proved that getting rid of the litter in the cheapest way – taking it to landfills or fields is economically inefficient, and also causes significant damage to the environment. The biological method of utilization is the most environmentally friendly; after it, there is practically no secondary waste.

9-19

Authors: Sergey N. Korol, Vitaliy N. Korol

The authors made an attempt to characterize daily organization of meals in educational institutions of Labour Reserves system during the economy reconstruction of Ukraine in 1943-1950. Labour Reserves was a Soviet centralized structure performed the task of ensuring the strategic sectors of Soviet economy by young workers. Conditions of food supply of the institution and public catering for students during their studies were analysed. The predominant factor that affected the daily lives of Labour Reserves students was their total dependence from the state. State standards of the food supply and material conditions in Labour Reserves schools perceived as satisfactory under the postwar hunger and needs. However, the disparity between real living conditions and official standards were found out in research. The actual food provision largely didn’t consistent to official standards through problems of centralized procurement, inefficient use of resources, inadequate quality of goods and corruption among the staff. The research is based on materials from the Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine, the Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine and some Ukrainian regional archives. Also narrative sources were used by the authors.

35-67

Authors: T.K. Orehov

Infrared spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy and infrared spectrometry are basic quality testing techniques for different diary industry aims. Vibrartional spectroscopy, as well as rotational spectroscopy, is a power instrument for the structural analysis of different biological media and, consequently, for structural analysis for food qualimetry. This article presents a precision review of qualimetry of diary samples and their components based on infrared techniques. Author also present some retrophysical / retrotechnical investigations for adaptation of retro-spectral devices for diary qualimetry.

13-18

Authors: V.I. Konstantinov, N.G. Kasimov

The article presents the monitoring of price policy and quality of import of cabbage in Russia. The processed statistics suggest the following conclusions: first, there is the need to take along with cabbage potatoes leading place among the vegetables for consumption; secondly, there is a moral and physical obsolescence of transplanters, harvesters and other machinery necessary for the cultivation of cabbage; thirdly, there is a need for upgrading transplanters, machines for the care and cleaning of cabbage meeting the modern market needs.

23-28

Authors: O.L. Semyonova

The article is described the technology of processing of wheat flour in the field of ultrahigh frequencies for the purpose the stabilization of qualitative characteristics to the rational values suitable in the baking industry. The author comes to the conclusion that the microwave processing of a control sample of wheat flour, purposefully makes it possible to stabilize the number and quality of gluten of the flour, leading to rational values of the parameters acceptable in the bakery production.