The Indonesian Biomedical Journal

61-70

Authors: Anna Meiliana, Nurrani Mustika Dewi, Andi Wijaya

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in our basic knowledge of the tissue damage and regeneration pathology have combined with a remarkable progress in stem cell biology so the prospect of clinical tissue repair strategies is a tangible reality. We tried to describe a better view about mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) mechanisms in wound healing and tissue regeneration, sending any ideas for next advanced therapies. CONTENT: Sustaining injury, whether minor or major, is part of every organism life. Therefore, efficient response mechanisms to damage have developed. Wound healing is a perplexing multi-step processes which can be divided into three major phases: inflammation, proliferation, and scar formation/remodeling. Though the compartementalization of this process into discrete stages give the illusion of simplicity, but in reality it is much more complicated. So that efficient healing can occur, complex interactions between multiple cell types, soluble factors and extracellular matrix components are required to rebuild the tissue. Even under optimal conditions, the healing process drives to fibrosis or scar. The latest technology that makes a huge difference in the wound healing process is stem cell therapy, which offers a novel approach to many diseases. SUMMARY: Wound healing therapies continue to rapidly evolve, with advances in basic science and engineering research heralding the development of new therapies, as well as ways to modify existing treatments. Stem cell based therapy is one of the most promising therapeutic concepts for wound healing. Advances in stem cell biology have enabled researchers and clinicians alike with access to cells capable of actively modulating the healing response.

91-6

Authors: Taufiq Abdullah, Siswanto, Bogi Pratomo

BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB) is a frequent cause of emergency hospital admissions. Despite the dependency of most risk scoring systems for this disorder, the Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score (GBS) is based on simple variables. This research intended for investigate the accuracy of a modified GBS (mGBS) to predict the severity of non-variceal UGIB. METHODS: Study conducted in Emergency Department of Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, from November 2012 to April 2013. Endoscopy performed between 12-24 hours after the patient stabilized. Sixty patients diagnosed were included. The accuracy of the mGBS in predicting the severity of non-variceal UGIB was compared with the full GBS using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The severity based on high risk in mGBS score compared by Forrest classification. RESULTS: For prediction of the severity of non-variceal UGIB, the GBS (AUC 0.947, 95% CI 0.87-1.03) had a slightly had a slightly higher accuracy than the mGBS(AUC 0.943, 95% CI 0.86-1.02, p<0.01). Compared to the GBS, the mGBS was more specific (63% and 97%, respectively) but less sensitive (96% and 84%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The mGBS is an alternative diagnostic tool in predicting the severity of non-variceal UGIB.

103-8

Authors: Freddy George Kuhuwael, Muhammad Fadjar Perkasa, Upik Anderiani Miskad, Abdul Qadar Punagi, Fatmawati Arsyad Said

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is malignant tumor growing in nasopharynx with a predilection in fossa Rossenmuller and nasopharyngeal roof. This research aimed to prove whether the means of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (mAgNOR) can predict the success of treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. METHODS: We used diagnostic test method with longitudinal design and purposive sampling technique. Endoscopic biopsy examination was performed on 15 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients before and after therapy, 13 patients underwent chemotherapy and other two underwent chemoradiotherapy. Tumor tissues were stained and AgNOR was calculated. RESULTS: Based on the tumor stage, sample characteristic showed 3 patients (20%) were in stage II, 3 patients (20%) in stage III, and 9 patients (60%) in stage IV, with pre- and post-therapy mAgNOR were 1.610±0.988 and 1.000±0.000, respectively in stage II, 1.100±0.092 and 1.000±0.000, respectively in stage III, 1.226±0.265 and 1.107±0.164, respectively in stage IV patients. Based on histopathology type, 4 patients (26.7%) had non keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with pre- and post-therapy mAgNOR were 1.117±0.134 and 1.060±0.120, respectively, while 11 patients (73.3%) had undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma with pre- and post-therapy mAgNOR were 1.335±0.528 and 1.065±0.146, respectively. Overall the pre-therapy were significantly higher than post-therapy mAgNOR. In subgroups there are significant differences in stage IV and type 3. CONCLUSION: The values of AgNOR were decreased in all NPC stages and significantly decreased in undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma. AgNOR can be used to predict the successfulness of therapy in NPC.

115-8

Authors: Andri Hidayat, Mansyur Arief, Andi Wijaya, Suryani As’ad

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) present during early neuronal development and play important roles in the process of neurorepairing includes angiogenesis, neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity after ischemic stroke. In this study, we observed VEGF and BDNF levels of subjects with ischemic stroke in different onset time. METHODS: A cross sectional study was designed. Study subjects were 51 ischemic stroke subjects, aged 30-80 years old, recruited from Gatot Subroto Army Central Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Ischemic stroke was diagnosed by neurologist, based on clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) result. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on onset time of stroke: <7 days (group A), 7-30 days (group B) and >30 days (Group C). VEGF and BDNF levels from serum were measured using luminex Magpix. The data was analyzed for comparison and correlation. RESULTS: VEGF and BDNF levels of group B and C were significantly different with p=0.034 and p=0.007, respectively. Group B had the highest VEGF levels, whereas Group C had the highest BDNF level. VEGF and BDNF levels in each group were not significantly correlated. CONCLUSION: Each stage of time after ischemic stroke has different recovery activities like angiogenesis, neurogenesis and plasticity. Angiogenesis process was optimum in 7-30 days after onset. In more than 30 days onset, Low VEGF with high BDNF have important role in a long period of time after the onset of stroke in the regeneration and repair, such as maintaining neuronal survival and plasticity.