Bulletin of Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engeneering and Architecture

10-21

Authors: Bolshakov V. I., Suhomlin G. D., Dergach T. О.

Formulation of the problem. A promising direction of improving the complex of properties of metal products of polycrystalline materials constitutes the use of the grain boundary engineering (GBE) principle in the manufacturing operations of their production. Its essence consists in a combination of temperature-deformation processes that contribute to the formation of a structure with a maximum possible content of special grain boundaries (SGB) of Σ3n type in the concept of lattices of coincident site lattice (CSL). To date, certain results have been achieved, development of this direction is constrained by the lack of scientific methodology and reliable methods of identification, quantification and determination of the energy level of the large-angle homophase and heterophase boundaries in steels with α, γ and α+γ phase states. This work objective is creation of new and improved procedures for studying and determining the complex of characteristics of special homophase and heterophase boundaries in low-alloy and high-alloy steels. Conclusions. New metallographic and electron diffraction methods for recognizing and estimating the energy level of the special boundaries of the Ʃ3n family in steels with α, γ and α+γ phase states have been developed and existing methods modified. The SGBs in ferrite of low-alloy ferritic-pearlitic steels and in the γ-phase of high-alloy austenitic and ferritic-austenitic steels were identified. For the first time, the α-γ interphase boundaries were found in ferritic-pearlitic steels and their specific surface and energy spectrum were estimated. The developed methods can be used in fundamental studies of the grain-boundary structure of polycrystalline materials and in development of innovative technologies.

31-40

Authors: Yur. O. Kirichek, Ye. O. Lando, D. K. Bykov

The article touches the analysis of the existent zoning and development of principles of the price zoning of territory of city as basis of normative money appraisal of land and mass appraisal of the real estate for the aims of taxation. The worked out price zoning allows correctly to decide the row of corresponding evaluation tasks. The analysis of market value of land and real estate is executed. The map of the price zoning of the dwelling real estate is formed. The offered zoning, coming from the analysis of market value of the real estate, is got on the basis of criteria of value and can be used both for determination of value at a mass appraisal for the aims of taxation and for the normative money appraisal of land.

47-54

Authors: E. A. Egorov, A. S. Deynega

Raising of a problem. Steel storage tanks (SST) are relating to a mass-volume construction category, widely used in petroleum industry for crude oil and petroleum products storage. Such constructions are of category of critical objects, therefore SST performance must be deeply studied and calculation methodology must be improved. Shell-bottom junction is one of the important critical components of such constructions. This junction calculation methods are well developed and approved for steel tanks of standard series. Though all above mentioned methods are based on the physical model with bidirectional bottom-foundation connection. In fact tank bottom has a unilateral connection with foundation (foundation doesn't impede bottom upward displacement). Therefore real performance mode of shell-bottom junction differs from calculation model with bidirectional bottom-foundation connection. This fact might have influence on the computational accuracy. Purpose. In this article base components of shell-bottom junction stress-strain state due to unilateral bottom-foundation interaction model is being analyzed. Also the difference in tank calculation results using unilateral and bidirectional bottom-foundation connection model is studied. Conclusion. Under certain relation of geometric parameters, modulus of foundation and loading level of steel tank, essential differences (from 5 to 20%) in bending moment values take place in shell-bottom junction while using unilateral and bidirectional bottom-foundation interaction models. Under internal excessive pressure absence, a bending moment value in shell-bottom junction with unilateral bottom-foundation interaction was found to be smaller than in case of bidirectional bottom-foundation connection. This case can be explained by occurrence of undetected (inner) bottom uplift. This fact accounting makes it possible to reduce metal consumption and to obtain a certain saving rate.

62-68

Authors: O. I. Drapikovskyi, I. B. Ivanova

Raising of problem. The factious character of the real property appraisal does impossible determination of its market value. Purpose. To offer the base models of valuation of the real property and its physical and legal constituents. Conclusions. Determination of market value requires consideration of the real property as an integral object the physical and legal constituents of which are estimated by their payment in this value.

79-85

Authors: T. F. Yakovyshyna

Raising of problem. Sustainable development of the urban ecosystems, taking into account the provision of ecological safety standards for the human life within the city and the rational use and restoration of the resource potential of the territory, requires the search for effective methods of the characteristic of the ecological situation. In the conditions of the progressive pressure to the environment, the leading role belongs to the mathematical statistics methods, as a tool that allows us to examine and analyze in detail ecological systems of the various complexity. Of all the environmental abiotic components, soils have been given the least attention, which is due, firstly, to the ambiguous characteristic of the environmental situation according to the total content of the contaminant, and secondly, to the problem of choice its additional forms for the statistical analysis. Purpose. Substantial using of the mathematical statistics methods in the ecomonitoring system along with the generally accepted for the characterization of the elemental soil contamination of the urban ecosystem by the heavy metals, by determining the statistical characteristics and establishing relationships between the total content, potentially available and available forms by the example of Zn contamination in the Dnieper. The total content, potentially available and available forms have been used to determine the elemental Zn contamination. An array of the content data of the studied Zn forms has been obtained in the network of ecological monitoring of soils of the Dnieper urban ecosystem: grid (2 km × 2 km), key sampling sites – 65. In the selected samples, the Zn total content yas been determined by the atomic absorption method after acidizing the soil, its potentially available forms in the extraction of 1 H HCl, and the available forms in AAB (pH 4.8) by standard methods. The mathematical statistics methods and the application package Microsoft Excel 2010 has been used to determine the patterns of Zn distribution of the across the territory. Conclusion. The using of the mathematical statistics methods for characterizing data sets, as primary values, has been scientifically confirmed in the block for estimating the ecomonitoring system of the heavy metals contamination of the urban ecosystems soils. The intensive technogenic Zn contamination soils of the whole Dnieper territory according to the total content and the increase in the contamination variegation by the potentially available and available forms have been revealed using statistical methods and in the rationing of the sanitary- hygienic (MAC) and ecological indicators (natural geochemical background). A close correlation has been established between the total Zn content in the soils of Dnieper urban ecosystem and the potentially available forms, in contrast to the available forms, where it has been not observed, which indicates a selective loss of buffer mechanisms relative to Zn.

96-100

Authors: T. M. Pavlenko

Purpose. Development of scientific-technical bases of manufacture and application of concrete on the basis of ash and slag mixes of thermal power plants. Methods. It is proposed a new technology of preparation of ash and slag concrete mixes. First the ash and slag mix is dispersed through the sieve with meshes 5 mm in a fine-grained fraction and slag. Then, in accordance with the composition of the concrete, obtained fine-grained fraction, slag, cement and tempering water are separately dosed into the mixer. Results. It is proven the high efficiency of the proposed technology of manufacture of ash and slag concretes. It is established that this technological solution allows to increase the strength of concrete by 20...30 %, and in the preparation of full-strength concrete to reduce the cement consumption by 15...20 %. Scientific novelty. It is developed the new technology of ash and slag mixes application. The concrete mix on the basis of ash and slag mix has an optimal particle size distribution, which ensures the best compaction and, accordingly, the greatest strength of ash and slag concrete with the given cement consumption. Practical significance. The research results promote the mass application of ash and slag mixes of thermal power plants in construction, obtaining of products from the proposed concretes of low cost with high physical-mechanical properties. Conclusion. It is proven the high efficiency of the proposed technology of production of ash and slag concretes. It is established that this technological solution allows increasing concrete strength, and obtaining full-strength concrete to reduce cement consumption. The extensive application of such concrete in construction makes it possible to solve the problem of aggregates for concrete, promotes recycling of TPP waste and consequently the protection of the environment.

108-114

Authors: Yur. I. Yegorov, V. P. Shlapak

The state of welfare had been analyzed and the measures to the spatial organization of the landscape environment of I. D. Cherniakhovskyi park in Uman in Cherkasy region had been proposed.

125-133

Authors: G. I. Lysenko, K. Zhovtopup

Formulation of the problem. Today in Ukraine, we can observe the process of recovery of historical memory at all levels – national, local, personal. Unfortunately, not every resident of our city knows the history of his native land, although it is known that people who do not know their own history, cannot understand the present and build the future. This statement is particularly relevant for today's youth, living in the era of change, to understand which it is necessary to look into the past of their country and city. Analysis of the research. Among the various studies that reveal in detail the early history of the city on the Dnieper River, an important place belongs to works by D. Yavornytsky, S. Revsky, G. Gulyaev, V. Starostin, M. Kavun and others. The purpose of the article is making a comparative analysis of the causes and consequences of two construction projects of Katerynoslav on the Kilchen’ and on the Dnipro. Conclusion. The early history of our city demonstrates that Russian colonization power understood the strategic importance of its location, as there were here from the sixteenth century Ukrainian settlements such as Samar, Old Kodak, New Kodak and more. The Russian concept of building “the third imperial capital" was defeated, as it was being held only on the personal enthusiasm of Catherine II and her favorite Potemkin, but the real development of the city as an industrial center of Dnieper region began only in the late nineteenth century. Rich historical and cultural heritage on the territory of modern city creates excellent conditions for the development of diverse tourism industry, which can direct metropolis life in a new direction.