Bulletin of Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engeneering and Architecture

Number 6, 2016

10-15
Choice of rational values of maximum slope in design high-speed lines

Authors: O. S. Chernyshova, V. V. Koval'ov

Abstract

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Number of views: 270

Raising of problem. In railway construction, in particular, the design of high-speed lines, the choice of the maximum gradient – a complex problem, because of its size depends on a number of operational and construction parameters. Selecting solutions associated with time-consuming calculations are simplified by the use of econometric models. Existing models allow you to choose the most rational design options, but do not include funding for the construction, which are often limited. Such a situation could complicate the choice of the best option, and requires further study. Purpose. To develop a model that would allow to choose rational parameters of the longitudinal profile in the design of high-speed railways in Ukraine, taking into account the level of funding. Conclusion. To develop a methodology of rational choice effective design options, which is based on a mathematical model and differs from existing in that it allows a rational distribution of funds in view of the limited investment projects. The application of the developed technique will facilitate implementation of state programs on improving the speed and energy savings in the railway industry.

16-23
Classification of the real estate, including parcels of land

Authors: Yur. O. Kirichek, I. G. Andreeva, E. A. Lando

Abstract

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Number of views: 281

Article concerns development of classification of real estate in Ukraine. The developed classification allows to solve correctly a number of the corresponding cadastral, land management, estimated and other tasks. The analysis of classifications of lands, improvements and real estate is made. National classification of real estate is created. Improving the existing classification of real estate in Ukraine. This will alleviate a number of problems and issues related to real estate. Now the market situation where any of the market participants may declare that a particular object belongs to a particular class. And in fact, objects that are positioned as one class may belong to very different segments and different price categories.

24-31
Comparative analysis of approaches to ecological assessment of polyelement contamination soil of urban ecosystem by heavy metals

Authors: T. F. Yakovyshyna

Abstract

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Number of views: 310

Raising of problem. In modern conditions, anthropogenic impact to the soil urban ecosystems is fairly stable over time and space, is manifested in various forms, as the transformation of the soil profile, the change in direction of the soil-forming processes, contamination of the various pollutants, and, above all, heavy metals (HM) – elements of the first class of the danger. Their sources of the income to the urban environment are industrial enterprises, transport, housing and communal services. Determination of the anthropogenic pressure to the urban soil is carried out by the environmental assessment of the HM polyelement contamination, which allows to establish not only the fact of pollution, but also limits of the possible load with considering regional background or sanitary standards – MPC. However, until now discussions arise regarding the index which will be carried out the valuation – the cornerstone of any methodological approach to the environmental assessment of the soil polyelement contamination by the HM of the urban ecosystems, which allows to establish not only the fact of contamination, but also limits the possible load, taking into account the regional background or sanitary norm – MPC. Purpose. Lies in the grounded selection of the environmental assessment indexes of the soil contamination by the HM of the urban ecosystems through a comparative analysis of the existing approaches, such as the determination of the summary contamination index (SCI), the index of the soil contamination (ISC), factor imbalance (Sd), taking into account environmental safety standards and binding to the specific conditions territory. Conclusion. In summary it should be noted that it is necessary to use a set of integrated indexes, including the SCI to determine the violation of the metals content with respect to the geochemical background of zonal soil, ISC – link the contamination level with health indexes of the environmental safety territory, and Sd – consider a soil destruction, which is caused the construction process. Statistical analysis indicates their high affinity, which is reflected by the correlation coefficients. According to the assessment of these indexes the soil of Dnipropetrovsk urban ecosystem is increasingly polluted by Pb and Zn than Ni, the contamination level is mainly low to moderate, and soil is mostly problematic and polluted by ISC, although there are some hot spots in industrial zones of the city.

32-40
Basic laws of formation of innovation historical architecture and town planning facilities in urban environment

Authors: O. V. Smirnova

Abstract

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Number of views: 323

Formulation of the problem. Innovative buildings and structures are architectural objects, the distinguishing feature of which is the presence of certain levels of their formation - material and functional (provided certain functional purpose object and its material embodiment), art-shaped (the presence of an individual artistic image) structural and process (use of new technologies and fundamentally new design); communication and of environmental (harmonious integration of the object in the environment). Absence of analogues - a prerequisite for innovative buildings. Innovative architectural and urban objects created in the development of civilization. Innovations in design and construction of architectural and urban facilities - this is the final result of the creation (design) and development (implementation) of a fundamentally new or modified facility satisfies human needs. Purpose. Consider the historical features of formation of innovative architectural and urban facilities in the urban environment. The main objectives - to identify the main types of innovative historical objects and identify patterns of their formation. Conclusions. The main historical innovative architectural and urban facilities were buildings and structures formed during two periods of historical development: in the pre-industrial period and during the industrial revolution.

41-52
The history and the present of the settlements of the XVI–XVIII centuries on the territory of dnipropetrovsk in the eyes of students

Authors: G. I. Lysenko, S. P. Volkova, A. Tolstushchenko

Abstract

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Number of views: 294

Statement of the problem. With the enactment of the Law of Ukraine “About the condemnation of the Communist and national socialist (Nazi) totalitarian regimes in Ukraine and the prohibition of propaganda of their symbolism”, by minimum historical counting, about 800 localities of which at least 24 cities including Dnipropetrovs’k need to be renamed. But the views of residents of the city are divided: some support to keep the old name of the city, changing its semantic load, and there are a lot of people willing to rename the city in Sicheslav, Dniproslav, Kodak and the like. Now it is important to know the opinion of young people in the city and region who create their future and that of their children. The analysis of the research. The history of the settlements of the XVI–XVIII centuries on the territory of the future Katerynoslav (Dnipropetrovs’k) became the subject of study of many scientists since the nineteenth century. In the years of independence more and more historians declare the necessity of the revision of the chronology of the history of our city, taking into account the earlier settlements, which undoubtedly influenced both the development of the region and the future provincial city. The purpose of this article is to determine the degree of influence of the settlements of the XVI–XVIII centuries on later (including modern) history of Katerynoslav (Dnipropetrovs’k) in the minds of the youth of the city. Conclusion. The analysis of the settlements of the XVI-XVIII centuries testifies to the active urban processes that took place in our region in the Cossack-Hetman days. This important stage in the history of our city enriches us, its current inhabitants, with facts about the distant past which we should not only remember and pass on to our descendants, but also recover through the reconstruction of the defining architectural features. The results of a survey among students to determine their views regarding the return of historical names of the city witnessed the absence among the majority of the youth formed national-historical consciousness because of the gaps in the historical knowledge and the low level of national-Patriotic education in secondary school.

53-61
Architectural and town-planning learning of the islands at the dnieper rifts

Authors: V. V. Vorob'ev, O. D. Zhak

Abstract

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Number of views: 283

Problem Statement. The problem of architectural-town-planning learning of the river Islands in large rivers of the country has a convoluted history, which has radically changed the attitude of people to such areas of land many times. The modern stage of society development and urban development has again raised the issue of the revision the attitude to the Islands in reservoirs, including in the area of the Dnieper rapids, featuring the unique properties of biopositive impact on all the kinds of living organisms. The material embodiment of a new approach involving Islands in the program "Ekopolis "Iriy-Sad" on the Dnieper rapids", architectural and urban aspects of which are being developed since 2008 at the Department of architectural design under the direction of V. V. Vorobyova [ ]. However, articles of various authors on island territories, have not proposed the right approaches yet, which let us look at underrapid island on the Dnieper from the position of the new requirements of the times, which determined by the topicality of this article. The analysis of publications on the environmental aspects of architecture, urban planning and landscape design for the conditions of the river Islands between Dnipropetrovsk and Kiev, showed the absence of theoretical developments and practical recommendations, taking into account their natural and anthropogenic potential in the framework of solving the task of ecologization of the Dnieper valley and the transition to the latest technology organization of space for human life. The purpose of the article is to reveal the potential of the Islands in the area of the Dnieper rapids and the ways of its applying in architecture, urban planning and landscape design. Conclusions. Modern approaches to urban and architectural applying of river Islands do not take into account the fullness of the structural organization of the matrix of the ecosystem (exchange) relationships, organized in the form of net structures with different mission. Its features are not taken into account during development of functional-planning structure of the island territories, and the organization of the spatial composition of their building. In the end, architectural-town- planning "implants" destroy metabolic processes in island ecosystems, although created from environmentally friendly materials. Many of the Islands remain undeveloped, and are seen as recreational areas without the required level of improvement and engineering technical support. To stop this process, you must go to the techniques and technology architectural-town-planning development of the Islands precluding destruction of their ecotopes and ecotsenoses.

62-68
Public relations as an information process phenomenon

Authors: L. M. Tkach, K. A. Prokofieva, A. Yu. Khodakovska

Abstract

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Number of views: 236

Formulation of the problem. If public relations as a phenomenon of information management are examined, we deal with the question of knowledge content and nature of relationship of PR with environment, ability to manage the perception and attitude of people to events in the environment; ensure priority of information over other resources. Goal. To investigate the concept of "public relations" of foreign and domestic experts; consider the typology of the public and the "laws" of public opinion; define the basic principles according to which relations with public should be built, and to identify PR activities as a kind of social communication. Conclusions. Public relations on the basis of advanced information and communication technologies create fundamentally new opportunities for information control and influence on public consciousness.

69-74
Ukrainian hut - return to the history

Authors: V. Babenko

Abstract

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Number of views: 271

Review of the collective monograph "History and traditions of Ukrainian folk dwelling Dnipro region" ./ G.P. Evseev, M. D. Savitsky. − PSABA, 2016. - 269 p. Today's generation of young people is at the crossroads of different ages, outlooks, in transition between past and future. It is very difficult to find their identity in the modern world, find themselves in time and history ... The transfer of national experience of each state, attracting traditions, norms and values of each people to cultural and historical treasure of the world has always been, is and will be the most important functions of education in the historical development mankind. Collective monograph "History and tradition hatobuduvannya Ukrainian Dnipro region" is a significant step in achieving this primary function of education. This work, with which you can solve important tasks now facing the humanitarian academic disciplines such as help the young person understand the most important humanistic values and traditions of our society; promote understanding of the nature of social and interpersonal relations, their socio- cultural and other aspects; orient students to study subjects that form in their understanding of the identity of the individual, helping to master a certain amount of knowledge that underlie the formation of personal citizenship. Analysis of previous publications. Detection of the social nature and essence of tradition and history ukrayinskohonarodnohozhytla, its role and place in society, correlation and mechanism of succession as a prerequisite for social progress, dedicated work Voropay A., G. Chubinskogo Bulasheva A., H. Wolf, V.Voytovych [ 3; 6; 1; 2; 4] and other scientists. The authors gathered economically Ukrainian traditions prevailing among the people for many centuries the lives of our ancestors. Modern scholars A. Danyluk, V. Samoilovych, Mr. Yurchenko [5; 7] and highlighted the continued use of Ukrainian traditions in hatno-commercial construction. Nevertheless there are very few developments relating to such influential in economic and industrial terms, the region as the Dnieper region. Conclusions. Having the honor to participate at least in a way this is extremely important and profound book about Ukraine and Ukrainians want to complete their review of our words of prominent Ukrainian historian and culture expert Miroslav Popovich: "... Ukraine makes people not blood and earth. Ukraine makes them and the culture in which they are involved ... Ukraine - people who maintain and develop from generation to generation certain standard of living, values and norms, life and culture ... Buildings, books, music, live only when they read, perceive understand. What a huge and bottomless that dumb us the walls of ancient monasteries and pages of new and old books - silent until we find the key to understanding and empathy - all that is a national culture, without which callous earth and stranger blood ... options accident and loss of values lot revival only one option. This careful preservation of all that served in our history, truth, goodness and beauty.