Bulletin of Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engeneering and Architecture

10-16

Authors: Bol’shakov V. I., Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Prof.; Dubrov U. I., Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Prof.

The known theorem of Godel's incompleteness of formal axiomatic exhibited in the identification of an object, triggers the application of artificially created "tools" reducing this incompleteness. The use of statistics in the analysis of metal structure, suggests about the differences in the image of thin resisting intractable deterministic analysis, are the result of computational irreducibility, the results of the process of obtaining the metal. If the case of computational irreducibility, was not observed, the user would find much more accurate way to determine the connection between the metal structure with mechanical properties. S. Bir recommended use the principle of "external addition" based on the application for formulating statements of a higher level of language that should not be formulated in terms of the language used before for partial elimination of the incompleteness of formal axiomatic statements. The selected solutions, expressed with a higher level of language, called on to eliminate defects of the original language used. The use of the newly elected language, serves as a practical method aimed at partial overcoming of the difficulty is to be a consequence arising from Gödel's theorem. It is expected new language is not able to give an insoluble approval to the exact definition and you will need the use of higher-level languages for this. S. Bir recommended to go out the initially selected language, but at the same time not to break away from the real situation, it should be attached to such a property system inextricably linking to its real existence. Due to a permanently evolving science, it will be more high-level language with lapse of time and it will be formulated deductively complete axiom which can be applied to the analysis of the processes of self-organizing systems of any nature.

27-36

Authors: Savytskyi M.V. , Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Prof.; Tytiuk A. O., Can. Sc. (Tech.), Docent; Tytiuk A. A., Docent.

Problem statement. There are numerous cases of destruction of the concrete protective layer of reinforced concrete structures due to atmospheric climate effects characterized by temperature, humidity, concentration of the corrosive gas. A common method of designing the primary protection of reinforced concrete structures has a prescription character. Available quantitative relations of concrete carbonation calculation due to the impact of carbon dioxide do not take into account the temperature and humidity of the environment and are designed for stationary conditions. Under actual conditions, the temperature and humidity of the environment vary depending on the season. It should be kept in mind that the concrete carbonation takes place only during the period with positive temperature and with certain humidity. At the same time, during the negative temperature alternate freezing and thawing of concrete occurs, which increases permeability. Therefore, a quantitative method of designing the primary protection of concrete cover of reinforced structures is necessary, which takes into account physical and chemical process of carbonation of concrete, which is complicated by frosty destruction. Purpose. Development of a quantitative technique of designing the primary protection of concrete protective layer in the atmospheric climate conditions, taking into account carbonization process, seasonal and daily changes in tem-perature and humidity (on the example of Dnipropetrovsk). Conclusion. A quantitative method of designing the primary protection of concrete reinforced structures in atmos-pheric climate effects was developed. Theoretical estimation of longevity of concrete protective layer of different thickness, with different contents of cement and water-cement ratio under the criterion of carbonation complicated by frosty destruction.

42-52

Authors: Khmara L. A., Dr. Sc., Prof.; Shatov S. V., Dr. Sc., As. Prof.

Problem statement. Technogenic catastrophes, failures or natural calamities, lead to destruction of buildings, constructions and transport ways. There can be victims under the obstructions. The most widespread technogenic failure are explosions of domestic gas. The structure of obstructions is changed depending on parameters and direction of explosion, at first the size and location of wreckages. There can be wreckages of the destroyed buildings in the presence of intact motorways on them forming obstructions and hindering of motion of technique and workers to the object of implementation of works. Sorting out of obstructions is executed with machines and mechanisms without meeting the requirements of these works, that predetermines of implementation of rescue or restoration works by imperfect flowsheets, especially on the initial stages, and this helps to increase terms and labor intensiveness of their conduct. Development of new types of machines and their working equipment is needed with the determined parameters for the effective sorting out of destructions of build objects. Purpose. Development of machines and working equipment for sorting out of obstructions of the destroyed build-ings and constructions. Conclusion. The constructions of workings details of build machines are developed as multipurpose equipment and captures, to be assembled on faucets, power-shovels, loaders and bulldozers and provide the increase of efficiency of sorting out of destructions of build objects. The chart of factory is developed for processing and second use of wreckages and build constructions of the destroyed buildings and constructions.

60-67

Authors: Sedin V. L., Dr. Sc. (tech.), Prof.; Grabovec O. M., Cand. of Sc. (Tech.); Triashchenko A. Y., Stud.

Problem statement. Recently the actuallity of geological study in the city territory stipulate for the intensification of construction and the necessity of risk assessment of a display of dangerous geological processes. A technogenic load on the geological environment is increased in many times over in new construction, reconstruction of the old building, intensive learning of the subterranean space, accordingly the geological and hydro-geological conditions are fundamentally changed. So the natural groundwater regime (layered, temperature and hydrogeochemical) is broken, that frequently lead to formation or activation of the negative engineering-geological processes and the formation of the emergencies. The economic loss as the result of dangerous geological processes are enormous. Objective. To make the data analysis of a long-term monitoring of the dangerous geological processes (underflooding and landslides) on the territory of Dnipropetrovsk region. Conclusion. An assessment of the existent natural-technogenic situation and a forecasting of the changes of engineering-geological conditions is almost impossible without detailed study of the territory. In recent years the num-ber of sites of an existent observation system for last years has been reduced: there were 334 plots in 1994 (on average every plot falls at 1800 km2), 215 were in 1999 (one plot at 3000 km2) and still are lasting. A shortage of the plots of observation is felt especially in the regions of the intensive technogenic influence is on the territory of the enterprises of mining industry, industrial-urban agglomerations etc. The observational data on these plots would assist in timely reaction on the activation of the exogenic dangerous processes, i.e. on the prevention of the formation of the emergencies, instead of liquidation of their consequences. The dynamics of the process of underflooding remains progressive. The last data shows the tendency of the activation of the process in the regional scale and about the increasing of underflooding surface (from 7260 km2 in 2007 to 7290 km2 in 2014), that activates the processes of the landslides generation (only in Dnipropetrovsk 214 landslides were fixed in 1982, 314 were in 2002, 382 were in 2014). In recent years the complications of a geological situation were noted, first of all it affects the activation of the landslides and underflooding. Therefore the study of the conditions of development, expansion and activation of the dangerous geological processes and also organization to observe them stands in a row of the first-priority and the urgent questions.